Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act

Monitored issues relating to trade and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): H.R. 80 / S. 462, the Captive Primate Safety Act H.R. 1326, The Great Ape Protection Act H.R.2480 / S.1076, Truth in Fur Labeling Act of 2009 H.R. 503 / S. 727, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2009 H.R.1549 / S.619, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2009 H.R.1018, Restore Our American Mustangs Act The Pet Safety and Protection Act (formerly H.R. 1280 / S. 714) The Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act (formerly H.R. 1726) The Animal Cruelty Reporting Act (formerly S. 2439) The Puppy Uniform Protection and Safety Act (formerly H.R. 6949 / S. 3519) The Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 (formerly S. 2770) The Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act (formerly H.R. 661 / S. 394)

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Monitored issues relating to agriculture and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): H.R.1549 / S.619, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2009 The Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act (formerly H.R. 1726) The Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 (formerly S. 2770) The Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act (formerly H.R. 661 / S. 394) H.R. 503 / S. 727, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2009

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Monitored issues relating to food safety and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): The Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act (formerly H.R. 1726) The Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act (formerly H.R. 661 / S. 394) H.R. 503 / S. 727, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2009 The Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 (formerly S. 2770)

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 2213, CAPTIVE SUPPLY REFORM ACT H.R. 1018, TO AMEND THE ANIMAL HEALTH PROTECTION ACT TO PROHIBIT THE SEC OF AGRICULTURE FROM IMPLEMENTING OR CARRYING OUT A NATIONAL ANIMAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM OR SIMILAR REQUIREMENT AND TO REQUIRE THE SECRETARY TO PROTECT INFORMATION OBTAINED AS PART OF ANY VOLUNTARY ID SYSTEM H.R. 2301 LIVESTOCK ID AND MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES ACT S. 1017 CAPTIVE SUPPLY REFORM ACT S. 305 A BILL TO AMEND THE PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS ACT (1921), TO MAKE IT UNLAWFUL FOR A PACKER TO OWN, FEED OR CONTROL LIVESTOCK INTENDED FOR SLAUGHTER S. 394 DOWNED ANIMAL AND FOOD SAFETY PROTECTION ACT OF 2007 H.R. 661 DOWNED ANIMAL AND FOOD SAFETY PROTECTION ACT S. 662 COMPETITIVE AND FAIR AGRICULTURE MARKETS ACT H.R. 213 COMPETITIVE AND FAIR AGRICULTURE MARKETS ACT S. 786 TO AMEND THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 TO FOSTER EFFICIENT MARKETS AND INCREASE COMPETITIONS AND TRANSPARENCY AMONG PACKERS THAT PURCHASE LIVESTOCK FROM PRODUCERS H.R. 219 FARM, NUTRITION AND BIOENERGY ACT OF 2008 S. 2302 FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY ACT OF 2007 H.R. 962 PRESERVATION OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT ACT OF 2007 S. 549 PRESERVATION OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT ACT OF 2007 H.R. 3697 STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE ACT ANIMAL DRUG USER FEE ACT ANIMAL GENERIC DRUG USER FEE ACT

Client expense: $323,488 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Executive Office of the President (EOP), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

Monitored issues relating to trade and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): The Dog and Cat Fur Prohibition Enforcement Act (formerly H.R. 891 / S. 3610) H.R. 503 / S. 727, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2009 The Animal Cruelty Reporting Act (formerly S. 2439) H.R. 80 / S. 462, the Captive Primate Safety Act The Puppy Uniform Protection and Safety Act (formerly H.R. 6949 / S. 3519) The Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act (formerly H.R. 1726) The Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 (formerly S. 2770) H.R.1326 , the Great Ape Protection Act The Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act (formerly H.R. 661 / S. 394)

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

HR 2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR 1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act, to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system. HR 2301, Livestock Identification and Marketing Opportunities Act S. 1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S. 305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S. 394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR 661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 622, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act HR 213, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act S. 786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competitions and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers. HR 2419, Farm, Nutrition and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S. 2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR 962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S. 549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 HR 3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act

Client expense: $310,218 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

HR 2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR 1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system. HR 2301, Livestock Identificaton and Marketing Opportunities Act S.1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S.305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyard Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR 661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 622, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act HR 213, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act S. 786, To amend the agricultural marketing act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competitions and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers. HR 2419, Farm, Nutrition and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S. 2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR 962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S. 549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 HR 3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act

Client expense: $318,988 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

H.R. 503/S. 311 - Horse Slaughter Prevention Act, H.R. 661/S. 394 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act, H.R. 1726 - Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act, H.R. 6598 - Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Labor, Dept of (DOL), Risk Management Agency, SENATE

HR.2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR.1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system HR.2301, Livestock Identification and Marketing Opportunities Act S.1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S.305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act HR.962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S.549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 HR.3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act S.2313, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Animal Drug User Fee reauthorization, no specific legislation Implementation of country-of-origin labeling HR.6432, To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revise and extend the animal drug user fee program, to establish a program of fees relating to generic new animal drugs, to make certain technical corrections to the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, and for other purposes.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $40,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 Provisions affecting regulations set forth by the Center for Veterinary Medicine to implement the Animal Drug Availability Act Issues relating to new product approvals HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act HR.962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S.549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 HR.3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act S.2313, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 HR 6432, To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revise and extend the animal drug user fee program, to establish a program of fees relating to generic new animal drugs, to make...

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $50,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

H.R. 503 - To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption, and for other purposes. S. 311 - To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption, and for other purposes. H.R. 661 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 394 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act H.R. 1726 - The Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act H.R. 6433 - Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act of 2008 H.R. 6432 - Animal Drug User Fee Act H.R. 1232 - Veterinary Public Health Workforce Expansion Act of 2007 S. 746 - Veterinary Public Health Workforce Expansion Act of 2007 S. 2770 - Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 H.R. 6202 - Farm Animal Anti-Cruelty Act H.R. 6598 Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 S. 3404 Beef Check-Off Modernization Act National Animal ID Program Country of Origin Labeling Mandatory Price Reporting Animal Biotechnology/Cloning

Client expense: $540,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Interior, Dept of (DOI), SENATE

Monitored issues relating to food safety and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): H.R. 6598, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 H.R. 503 / S. 311, the Horse Slaughter Protection Act H.R. 661 / S. 394, the Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act AND S. 2770, the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Monitored issues relating to trade and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): H.R. 891 / S. 3610, the Dog and Cat Fur Prohibition Enforcement Act H.R. 6598, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 H.R. 503 / S. 311, the Horse Slaughter Protection Act H.R. 661 / S. 394, the Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 2770, the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 H.R. 1280 / S. 714, the Pet Safety and Protection Act of 2007 H.R. 2964 / S. 1498, the Captive Primate Safety Act H.R. 5852, the Great Ape Protection Act H.R. 6949 / S. 3519, the Puppy Uniform Protection and Safety Act S. 2439, the Animal Cruelty Reporting Act

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Monitored issues relating to agriculture and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): H.R. 6598, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 H.R. 503 / S. 311, the Horse Slaughter Protection Act H.R. 661 / S. 394, the Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act AND S. 2770, the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 503 - To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transportation, moving, delivery, recieving, prossessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption and for other purposes. S. 311 - To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transportation, moving, delivery, recieving, prossessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption and for other purposes. National Animal Identification System (NAID) Country of Origin (COOL) H.R. 661 and S. 394 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Act

Client expense: $77,300 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Labor, Dept of (DOL), SENATE

H.R. 2213, Captive Supply Reform Act H.R. 1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carryin gout a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system. H.R. 2301, Livestock Identification and Marketing Opportunities Act S. 1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S. 305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act (1921), to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed or control livestock intended for slaughter S. 394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 H.R. 661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 662, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act H.R. 213, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act S. 786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competitions and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers. H.R. 219, Farm, Nutrition and Bioenergy Act of 2008 S. 2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 H.R. 962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S. 549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 H.R. 3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act Animal Drug User Fee Act Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act

Client expense: $288,857 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Executive Office of the President (EOP), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

Animal Health Biotech Pet Food issues Animal Wellbeing S. 2770/HR 5762, all titles of the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 1726, all titles, to require the federal government to purchase meat, dairy and poultry products only from farmers meeting certain animal welfare requirements, including a restriction on confinement housing. HR 3610, all titles, as it relates to FDA regulation of pet food and pet food ingredients, including imported ingredients and the labeling thereof. Food & Drug Administration pending Advanced Feed Safety System discussions with industry as to ingredient and processing definitions and standards.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $30,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), White House Office

Rendering and BSE Animal disposal S. 2770 - downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. Monitor the following: S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 2419/S 2302, titles 1, relating to livestock competition and contracting issues; title 7, related to enhancing and expanding agricultural research on plant and animal disease; title 9, relating to research and programs fostering development of alternative feedstocks for biofuel manufacture, title 12 (Senate) relating to the extension of various tax incentives for the creation of bio-based fuels, and title 11, related to issues on animal care, wellbeing and production systems. HR 3610, all titles, as it relates to FDA regulation of rendering, livestock and poultry feed, pet food and animal food ingredients, including FDA registration, export certification, user fees, import certification, mandatory recall and standards of operation. Food & Drug Administration pending Advanced Feed Safety System discussions with industry as to ingredient and processing definitions and standards. Issues relating to the publication of FDAs proposed final rule to amend its BSE feed rule on feed ingredients of animal origin in animal feeds and pet food. EPAs redrafting of its draft risk assessment on dioxin and its risk to human health, particularly as relates to foods of animal origin as the source of dioxin.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), White House Office

Animal rights Animal Well Being Animal Health S. 549/HR 962, all titles, to end the use of certain antibiotics in animal feed if those antibiotics are used in human medicine. S. 2313/HR3697, all titles, to require the manufacturers of antibiotics used in animal feed to make certain reports to FDA. HR 2419/S 2302, title 11, related to issues on animal care, wellbeing and production systems. Monitor and counsel on issues related to contemplated or proposed/introduced federal legislation and regulation related to restrictions on how, where and by who animal drugs may be used on farms and ranches, particularly in feed. S. 2770/HR 5762, all titles of the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 1726, all titles, to require the federal government to purchase meat, dairy and poultry products only from farmers meeting certain animal welfare requirements, including a restriction on confinement housing. S. 311/HR 503, all titles, to amend the Horse Protection to prohibit certification for export of horses destined for slaughter. Monitor legislative and regulatory developments related to the Animal Drug User Fee Act reauthorization, with related developments of the Animal Generic Drug UserFee Act. HR 6202 - Farm Animals Anti-Cruelty Act.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, White House Office

Animal Rights Animal Well Being Animal Health Monitor the following: S. 549/HR 962, all titles, to end the use of certain antibiotics in animal feed if those antibiotics are used in human medicine. S. 2313/HR3697, all titles, to require the manufacturers of antibiotics used in animal feed to make certain reports to FDA. HR 2419/S 2302, title 11, related to issues on animal care, wellbeing and production systems. Monitor and counsel on issues related to contemplated or proposed/introduced federal legislation and regulation related to restrictions on how, where and by who animal drugs may be used on farms and ranches, particularly in feed. S. 2770/HR 5762, all titles of the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 1726, all titles, to require the federal government to purchase meat, dairy and poultry products only from farmers meeting certain animal welfare requirements, including a restriction on confinement housing. S. 311/HR 503, all titles, to amend the Horse Protection to prohibit certification for export of horses destined for slaughter. Monitor legislative and regulatory developments related to the Animal Drug User Fee Act (HR 6432) reauthorization, with related developments of the Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act (HR6433). HR 6202 - Farm Animals Anti-Cruelty Act.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, White House Office

Animal rights Animal health/new animal drugs Issues relating to end the use of certain antibiotics in animal feed if those antibiotics are used in human medicine. S. 2313, all titles, to require the manufacturers of antibiotics used in animal feed to make certain reports to FDA. Monitor and counsel on issues related to contemplated or proposed/introduced federal legislation and regulation related to restrictions on how, where and by who animal drugs may be used on farms and ranches, particularly in feed. S. 394/HR 661, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. Issues relating to efforts to require the federal government to purchase meat, dairy and poultry products only from farmers meeting certain animal welfare requirements, including a restriction on confinement housing. Monitor legislative and regulatory developments related to the Animal Drug User Fee Act (HR6432) reauthorization, with related developments of the Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act (HR6433).

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), White House Office

HR 661, Humane slaughter of farm animals act S2770, to strenghten food safety inspection S394, downed animal protection act

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 503/S. 311 - Horse Slaughter Prevention Act, H.R. 661/S. 394 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act, H.R. 1726 - Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act, H.R. 6598 - Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008.

Client expense: $20,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Labor, Dept of (DOL), Risk Management Agency, SENATE

H.R. 2213, Captive Supply Reform Act H.R. 1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system. H.R. 2301 Livestock Identification and Marketing Opportunities Act S. 1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S. 305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed or control livestock intended for slaughter S. 394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 H.R. 661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 622, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act H.R. 213, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act S. 786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competitions and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers. H.R. 2419, Farm, Nutrition and Bioenergy Act of 2008 S. 2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 H.R. 962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S. 549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 H.R. 3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act Animal Drug User Fee Act Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act

Client expense: $281,332 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Executive Office of the President (EOP), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

HR.2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR.1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system HR.2301, Livestock Identification and Marketing Opportunities Act S.1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S.305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S.622, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act HR.2135, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act S.786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competition and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers HR.2419, Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S.2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR.962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S.549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 HR.3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act S.2313, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Animal Drug User Fee reauthorization, no specific legislation Implementation of country-of-origin labeling HR.6432, To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revise and extend the animal drug user fee program, to establish a program of fees relating to generic new animal drugs, to make certain technical corrections to the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, and for other purposes.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $40,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

HR.2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR.1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system HR.2301, Livestock Identification and Marketing Opportunities Act S.1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S.305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S.622, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 HR.2135, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 S.786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competition and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers HR.2419, Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S.2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Implementation of mandatory country-of-origin labeling

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $30,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 Provisions affecting regulations set forth by the Center for Veterinary Medicine to implement the Animal Drug Availability Act Issues relating to new product approvals HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act HR.962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S.549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 HR.2419, Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S.2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR.3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act S.2313, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 HR 6432, To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to revise and extend the animal drug user fee program, to establish a program of fees relating to generic new animal drugs, to make...

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $50,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

H.R. 503 - To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption, and for other purposes. S. 311 - To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption, and for other purposes. H.R. 661 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 394 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act H.R. 1726 - The Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act H.R. 6433 - Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act of 2008 H.R. 6432 - Animal Drug User Fee Act H.R. 1232 - Veterinary Public Health Workforce Expansion Act of 2007 S. 746 - Veterinary Public Health Workforce Expansion Act of 2007 S. 2770 - Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 H.R. 6202 - Farm Animal Anti-Cruelty Act H.R. 6598 Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 National Animal ID Program Country of Origin Labeling Mandatory Price Reporting Animal Biotechnology/Cloning

Client expense: $640,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Interior, Dept of (DOI), Labor, Dept of (DOL), Minerals Management Service, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

HR.2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR.1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system S.1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S.305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S.662, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 HR.2135, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 S.786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competition and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers HR.2419, Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S.2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Issues regarding proposed merger of National Beef and JBS Implementation of mandatory country-of-origin labeling

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $10,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

HR.2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR.1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system S.1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S.305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S.662, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 HR.2135, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 S.786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competition and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers HR.2419, Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S.2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Issues regarding proposed merger of National Beef and JBS Implementation of mandatory country-of-origin labeling

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $10,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

HR.2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR.1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system S.1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S.305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S.662, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 HR.2135, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 S.786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competition and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers HR.2419, Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S.2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 Implementation of mandating country-of-origin labeling

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

Monitored issues relating to agriculture and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): H.R. 6598, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 H.R. 503 / S. 311, the Horse Slaughter Protection Act H.R. 661 / S. 394, the Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 2770, the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Monitored issues relating to trade and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): H.R. 891 / S. 3610, the Dog and Cat Fur Prohibition Enforcement Act H.R. 6598, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 H.R. 503 / S. 311, the Horse Slaughter Protection Act H.R. 661 / S. 394, the Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 2770, the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 H.R. 1280 / S. 714, the Pet Safety and Protection Act of 2007 H.R. 2964 / S. 1498, the Captive Primate Safety Act H.R. 5852, the Great Ape Protection Act H.R. 6949 / S. 3519, the Puppy Uniform Protection and Safety Act H.R. 5534, the Bear Protection Act of 2008 S. 2439, the Animal Cruelty Reporting Act Monitored issues relating to trade and animal welfare (specifically sections on Captive Primates): S. 3297, Advancing America's Priorities Act

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Monitored issues relating to food safety and animal welfare (entire bills of the following): H.R. 6598, the Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 H.R. 503 / S. 311, the Horse Slaughter Protection Act H.R. 661 / S. 394, the Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 2770, the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Country of Origin Labeling HR 6598-Prevention of Equine Cruelty Act of 2008 MN Bovine TB Eradication HR 503/S 311-Horse Slaughter Protection Act HR 1726-The Farm Animal Stewarship Act HR 661-Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act HR 962-Preservation of Antibiotics for Medial Treatment Act HR 6433-Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act of 2008 HR 6432-Animal Drug User Fee Amendments of 2008

Client expense: $30,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

HR 661; S 341; Downed Animals, Clone labeline, FASPA (HR 1746)

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Animal Health Biotech Pet Food issues Animal Wellbeing S. 2770/HR 5762, all titles of the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 1726, all titles, to require the federal government to purchase meat, dairy and poultry products only from farmers meeting certain animal welfare requirements, including a restriction on confinement housing. HR 3610, all titles, as it relates to FDA regulation of pet food and pet food ingredients, including imported ingredients and the labeling thereof. Food & Drug Administration pending Advanced Feed Safety System discussions with industry as to ingredient and processing definitions and standards.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $30,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), White House Office

Rendering and BSE Animal disposal S. 2770 - downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 2419/S 2302, titles 1, relating to livestock competition and contracting issues; title 7, related to enhancing and expanding agricultural research on plant and animal disease; title 9, relating to research and programs fostering development of alternative feedstocks for biofuel manufacture, title 12 (Senate) relating to the extension of various tax incentives for the creation of bio-based fuels, and title 11, related to issues on animal care, wellbeing and production systems. HR 3610, all titles, as it relates to FDA regulation of rendering, livestock and poultry feed, pet food and animal food ingredients, including FDA registration, export certification, user fees, import certification, mandatory recall and standards of operation. Food & Drug Administration pending Advanced Feed Safety System discussions with industry as to ingredient and processing definitions and standards. Issues relating to the publication of FDAs proposed final rule to amend its BSE feed rule on feed ingredients of animal origin in animal feeds and pet food. EPAs redrafting of its draft risk assessment on dioxin and its risk to human health, particularly as relates to foods of animal origin as the source of dioxin.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), White House Office

Animal Rights Animal Well Being Animal Health S. 549/HR 962, all titles, to end the use of certain antibiotics in animal feed if those antibiotics are used in human medicine. S. 2313/HR3697, all titles, to require the manufacturers of antibiotics used in animal feed to make certain reports to FDA. HR 2419/S 2302, title 11, related to issues on animal care, wellbeing and production systems. Monitor and counsel on issues related to contemplated or proposed/introduced federal legislation and regulation related to restrictions on how, where and by who animal drugs may be used on farms and ranches, particularly in feed. S. 2770/HR 5762, all titles of the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 1726, all titles, to require the federal government to purchase meat, dairy and poultry products only from farmers meeting certain animal welfare requirements, including a restriction on confinement housing. S. 311/HR 503, all titles, to amend the Horse Protection to prohibit certification for export of horses destined for slaughter. Monitor legislative and regulatory developments related to the Animal Drug User Fee Act (HR 6432) reauthorization, with related developments of the Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act (HR6433). HR 6202 - Farm Animals Anti-Cruelty Act.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, White House Office

Animal rights Animal Well Being Animal Health S. 549/HR 962, all titles, to end the use of certain antibiotics in animal feed if those antibiotics are used in human medicine. S. 2313/HR3697, all titles, to require the manufacturers of antibiotics used in animal feed to make certain reports to FDA. HR 2419/S 2302, title 11, related to issues on animal care, wellbeing and production systems. Monitor and counsel on issues related to contemplated or proposed/introduced federal legislation and regulation related to restrictions on how, where and by who animal drugs may be used on farms and ranches, particularly in feed. S. 2770/HR 5762, all titles of the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 1726, all titles, to require the federal government to purchase meat, dairy and poultry products only from farmers meeting certain animal welfare requirements, including a restriction on confinement housing. S. 311/HR 503, all titles, to amend the Horse Protection to prohibit certification for export of horses destined for slaughter. Monitor legislative and regulatory developments related to the Animal Drug User Fee Act reauthorization, with related developments of the Animal Generic Drug UserFee Act. HR 6202 - Farm Animals Anti-Cruelty Act.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, White House Office

Animal rights Animal health/new animal drugs S. 549/HR 962, all titles, to end the use of certain antibiotics in animal feed if those antibiotics are used in human medicine. S. 2313/HR3697, all titles, to require the manufacturers of antibiotics used in animal feed to make certain reports to FDA. Monitor and counsel on issues related to contemplated or proposed/introduced federal legislation and regulation related to restrictions on how, where and by who animal drugs may be used on farms and ranches, particularly in feed. S. 2770/HR 5762, all titles of the Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008, related to USDA inspection of nonambulatory livestock at slaughter for human food. S. 394/HR 661, all titles, to mandate the killing of farm animals at slaughter if theyll not walk or stand on their own. HR 1726, all titles, to require the federal government to purchase meat, dairy and poultry products only from farmers meeting certain animal welfare requirements, including a restriction on confinement housing. Monitor legislative and regulatory developments related to the Animal Drug User Fee Act (HR6432) reauthorization, with related developments of the Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act (HR6433). HR 6202 - Farm Animals Anti-Cruelty Act.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), White House Office

HR 661, Humane slaughter of farm animals act S2770, to strenghten food safety inspection S394, downed animal protection act

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 2213, Captive Supply Reform Act H.R. 1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any volunhtary identification system. H.R. 2301, Livestock Identification and Marketing Opportunities Act S. 1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S. 305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed or control livestock intended for slaughter S. 394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 H.R. 661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 622, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act H.R. 213, Competitive and Fair Agriculture Markets Act S. 786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competitions and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers. H.R. 2419, Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2008 S. 2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 H.R. 962, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 S. 549, Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2007 H.R. 3697, Strategies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance Act Animal Drug User Fee Act Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act

Client expense: $373,759 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Executive Office of the President (EOP), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

HR.2213, Captive Supply Reform Act HR.1018, To amend the Animal Health Protection Act to prohibit the Secretary of Agriculture from implementing or carrying out a National Animal Identification System or similar requirement and to require the Secretary to protect information obtained as part of any voluntary identification system HR.2301, Livestock Identification and Marketing Opportunities Act S.1017, Captive Supply Reform Act S.305, A bill to amend the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, to make it unlawful for a packer to own, feed, or control livestock intended for slaughter S.394, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act of 2007 HR.661, Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S.622, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 HR.2135, Competitive and Fair Agricultural Markets Act of 2007 S.786, To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to foster efficient markets and increase competition and transparency among packers that purchase livestock from producers HR.2419, Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 S.2302, Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 HR.6124, Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $30,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

H.R. 503 - To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption, and for other purposes. S. 311 - To amend the Horse Protection Act to prohibit the shipping, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, purchasing, selling, or donation of horses and other equines to be slaughtered for human consumption, and for other purposes. H.R. 661 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act S. 394 - Downed Animal and Food Safety Protection Act H.R. 1726 - The Farm Animal Stewardship Purchasing Act JBS Swift acquisition of Smithfield beef assets H.R. 6433 - Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act of 2008 H.R. 6432 - Animal Drug User Fee Act H.R. 1232 - Veterinary Public Health Workforce Expansion Act of 2007 S. 746 - Veterinary Public Health Workforce Expansion Act of 2007 S. 2770 - Downed Animal Enforcement Act of 2008 National Animal ID Program Country of Origin Labeling Mandatory Price Reporting Animal Biotechnology/Cloning National Veterinary Medical Service Act

Client expense: $750,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Interior, Dept of (DOI), Labor, Dept of (DOL), Minerals Management Service, SENATE, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)