College Transparency Act

H.R. 2528 - STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 H.R. 2486 - FUTURE Act H.R. 4438 - Dont Tax Higher Education Act H.R. 4674 - Higher Education Act Reauthorization/College Affordability Act H.R. 6194 - distance learning legislation S. 1198 - Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program Act of 2019 S. 1121 - College Transparency Act S. 2124 - Skin in the Game Act S. 2557 - Student Aid Improvement Act of 2019 S. 3191 - Industries of the Future Act of 2020 S. 3313 - Foreign Influence Transparency Act S. 3997- Safeguarding American Innovation Act -- regarding policy issues affecting higher education institutions and their students

Client expense: $200,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Defense, Dept of (DOD), Energy, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Natl Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), Natl Endowment for the Humanities, Natl Institutes of Health (NIH), Natl Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), SENATE

H.R. 2528 - STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 H.R. 2486 - Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Education Act H.R. 4438 - Dont Tax Higher Education Act H.R. 4674 - Higher Education Act Reauthorization/College Affordability Act H.R. 6194 - distance learning legislation S. 1198 - Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program Act of 2019 S. 1121 - College Transparency Act S. 2124 - Skin in the Game Act S. 2557 - Student Aid Improvement Act of 2019 S. 3191 - Industries of the Future Act of 2020 S. 3313 - Foreign Influence Transparency Act -- regarding policy issues affecting higher education institutions and their students

Client expense: $90,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 2434/S. 1121 College Transparency Act; H.R. 4479/S. 2169 Student Right to Know Before You Go Act; Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act; H.R. 6543, Aim Higher Act; S. 2191, PARTNERSHIPS Act; S. 2394, Free Expression in Education Act; Keep STEM Talent Act S. 1198, Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Act; Digital Equity Act; H.R. 6, American Dream and Promise Act; H.R. 1298, Higher Education Dream Act; S. 874 Dream Act; S 2524, Paced Act; House and Senate NDAA bills; S. 1732, College Admissions Fairness Act; Hr. 1994, Setting Every Community up for Retirement Enhancement; HR 3564, Fairness for High-Skilled American Act; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute Reauthorization Act of 2019; Research Security regulations and legislation; COVID 19 Response Legislation;

Client expense: $190,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Defense, Dept of (DOD), Education, Dept of, Executive Office of the President (EOP), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Natl Institutes of Health (NIH), Natl Science Foundation (NSF), SENATE

H.R. 2434/S. 1121 College Transparency Act; H.R. 4479/S. 2169 Student Right to Know Before You Go Act; Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act; H.R. 6543, Aim Higher Act; S. 2191, PARTNERSHIPS Act; S. 2394, Free Expression in Education Act; Keep STEM Talent Act S. 1198, Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Act; Digital Equity Act; H.R. 6, American Dream and Promise Act; H.R. 1298, Higher Education Dream Act; S. 874 Dream Act; S 2524, Paced Act; House and Senate NDAA bills; S. 1732, College Admissions Fairness Act; Hr. 1994, Setting Every Community up for Retirement Enhancement; HR 3564, Fairness for High-Skilled American Act; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute Reauthorization Act of 2019;

Client expense: $140,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Natl Institutes of Health (NIH), Natl Science Foundation (NSF), SENATE

S. 1198 Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program Act of 2019 S. 1121 College Transparency Act S. 2124 Skin in the Game Act S. 2557 Student Aid Improvement Act of 2019 H.R. 2528 STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 H.R. 2486 Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Education Act H.R. 4438 Dont Tax Higher Education Act H.R. 4674 Higher Education Act Reauthorization/College Affordability Act -- regarding policy issues affecting higher education institutions and their students

Client expense: $50,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 2434/S. 1121 College Transparency Act; H.R. 4479/S. 2169 Student Right to Know Before You Go Act; Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act; H.R. 6543, Aim Higher Act; S. 2191, PARTNERSHIPS Act; S. 2394, Free Expression in Education Act; Keep STEM Talent Act S. 1198, Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Act; Digital Equity Act; H.R. 6, American Dream and Promise Act; H.R. 1298, Higher Education Dream Act; S. 874 Dream Act; S 2524, Paced Act; House and Senate NDAA bills; S. 1732, College Admissions Fairness Act; Hr. 1994, Setting Every Community up for Retirement Enhancement; HR 3564, Fairness for High-Skilled American Act; Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute Reauthorization Act of 2019;

Client expense: $140,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Natl Institutes of Health (NIH), Natl Science Foundation (NSF), SENATE

S. 1198 Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program Act of 2019 S. 1121 College Transparency Act S. 2583 Foreign Influence Transparency Act H.R. 2528 STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 H.R. 2486 Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Education Act H.R. __ Higher Education Act Reauthorization/College Affordability Act -- regarding policy issues affecting higher education institutions and their students

Client expense: $60,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Services (BCIS), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), SENATE

H.R. 2434/S. 1121 College Transparency Act; H.R. 4479/S. 2169 Student Right to Know Before You Go Act; Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act; H.R. 6543, Aim Higher Act; S. 2191, PARTNERSHIPS Act; S. 2394, Free Expression in Education Act; Keep STEM Talent Act S. 1198, Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Act; Digital Equity Act; H.R. 6, American Dream and Promise Act; H.R. 1298, Higher Education Dream Act; S. 874 Dream Act; S 2524, Paced Act; House and Senate NDAA bills; S. 1732, College Admissions Fairness Act; Hr. 1994, Setting Every Community up for Retirement Enhancement; HR 3564, Fairness for High-Skilled American Act;

Client expense: $140,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 1075 FAFSA Fairness Act of 2019 H.R. 1678 - Protect Our Universities Act of 2019 H.R. 5336 Foreign Influence Transparency Act H.R. 2562 Advancing International and Foreign Language Education Act H.R. 1094 World Language Advancement and Readiness Act of 2019 S. 1198 Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program Act of 2019 S. 1121 College Transparency Act S. 2583 Foreign Influence Transparency Act H.R. 2528 STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 -- regarding policy issues affecting higher education institutions and their students

Client expense: $70,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Services (BCIS), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), SENATE

H.R. 1075 FAFSA Fairness Act of 2019 H.R.1678 - Protect Our Universities Act of 2019 H.R. 5336 Foreign Influence Transparency Act H.R. 6821 Stop Higher Education Espionage and Theft Act of 2018 S. 1121 College Transparency Act S. 2583 Foreign Influence Transparency Act S. 2903 Stop Higher Education Espionage and Theft Act of 2018 -- regarding policy issues affecting higher education institutions and their students

Client expense: $80,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Services (BCIS), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 2434/S. 1121 College Transparency Act; H.R. 4479/S. 2169 Student Right to Know Before You Go Act; Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act; H.R. 6543, Aim Higher Act; S. 2191, PARTNERSHIPS Act; S. 2394, Free Expression in Education Act; Keep STEM Talent Act S. 1198, Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Act; Digital Equity Act; H.R. 6, American Dream and Promise Act; H.R. 1298, Higher Education Dream Act S. 874 Dream Act;

Client expense: $170,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Student financial assistance issues, specifically those related to student loans, as Congress works to reauthorize the Higher Education Act. Specific bills include: S.1121, the College Transparency Act that will modernize the college reporting system for postsecondary data in order to provide greater transparency for students, families, institutions, and policymakers; S.3769 - Early Pell Promise Actthat would establish an Early Federal Pell Grant Commitment Program; and advocacy directly with the Education Department to revised the Teach Grant regulations to improved program outcomes.

Client expense: $13,700 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, Treasury, Dept of

Issues related to the Prosper Act, HR 4508 Support for the College Transparency Act (CTA), S.1121 Issues related to workforce apprenticeships Issues related to Hurricane Florence, re: funding and academic terms

Client expense: $115,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Air Force, Dept of, Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Labor, Dept of (DOL), SENATE, Transportation, Dept of (DOT)

H.R. 4508, the PROSPER Act and Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act: issues include regulations, accreditation, Title IV student aid, data and consumer information, Title III and V programs, Direct Loan program, Pell Grants, postsecondary cohort default rates, and risk sharing. S. 2231, Student Protection and Success Act, and risk sharing proposals S. 2028, Protect Student Borrowers Act of 2017 S. 260, Jumpstart Our Businesses by Supporting Students (JOBS) Act S. 1136, H.R. 2451, Pell Grant Preservation and Expansion Act S. 1121, H.R. 2434, College Transparency Act of 2017 H.R. 2353, Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act; and Senate bill - Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (no bill number) H.R. 6543, Aim Higher Act

Client expense: $10,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), SENATE, White House Office

H.R. 4479 Student Right to Know Before You Go Act of 2017 H.R. 4508 PROSPER Act H.R. 5336 Foreign Influence Transparency Act H.R. 6821 Stop Higher Education Espionage and Theft Act of 2018 S. 1121 College Transparency Act S. 2583 Foreign Influence Transparency Act S. 2903 Stop Higher Education Espionage and Theft Act of 2018 -- regarding policy issues affecting higher education institutions and their students

Client expense: $52,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Services (BCIS), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act (PROSPER ACT, H.R. 4508), Pell Grants/Year-Round Pell Grants, Campus-Based Student Aid programs, including the Perkins Student Loan Program, the Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2017 (H.R. 2482/S. 1808), the FY19 Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education and Related Agencies Appropriations bills (S.3158), Endowments, Student Right to Know Before You Go Act, the College Transparency Act (H.R. 2434/S. 1121), maintain Public Service Loan Forgiveness program. AIM Higher Act (HR 6543).

Client expense: $70,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), SENATE

H.R. 4479/S. 2169- Student Right to Know Before You Go Act of 2017; all provisions H.R. 2434/S. 1121 - College Transparency Act; all provisions H.R. 4001 - Student Loan Refinancing & Recalculation Act; all provisions S. 1604 - The Daniel Webster Congressional Clerkship Act; all provisions H.R. 2482/S. 1808 - Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2017; all provisions H.R. 4508/Senate Draft - Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act; all provisions H.R. 7386/S. 3611 - Faster Access to Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) Act of 2018; all provisions H.R. 6543 - Aim Higher Act; all provisions

Client expense: $40,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Defense, Dept of (DOD), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), SENATE

S. 601: Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program Act A bill to ensure that significantly more students graduate college with the international knowledge and experience essential for success in today's global economy through the establishment of the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program in the Department of Education (ALL). H.R. 899: A bill to terminate the Department of Education (ALL). H.R. 1949 and S. 856: Campus Accountability and Safety Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 and the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act to combat campus sexual assault, and for other purposes (ALL). H.R. 2434 and S. 1121: College Transparency Act A bill to establish a post-secondary student data system (ALL). H.R. 1614: Student Loan Refinancing Act To authorize borrowers of loans under the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program to modify the interest rate of such loans to be equal to the interest rate for such loans at the time of modification (ALL). S. 888: Understanding the True Cost of College Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Opportunity Act to add disclosure requirements to the institution financial aid offer form and to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to make such form mandatory (ALL). S. 889: Net Price Calculator Improvement Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to make technical improvements to the Net Price Calculator system so that prospective students may have a more accurate understanding of the true cost of college (ALL). H.R. 2451 and S. 1135: Pell Grant Restoration Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to clarify the Federal Pell Grant duration limits of borrowers who attend an institution of higher education that closes or commits fraud or other misconduct, and for other purposes (ALL). S. 1043: Pay for Student Success Act A bill to authorize pay-for-success projects designed to incentivize and reward successful efforts to increase postsecondary education retention and completion rates for low-income and first-generation students (ALL). S. 1136: Pell Grant Preservation and Expansion Act A bill to improve the structure of the Federal Pell Grant program, and for other purposes (ALL). H.R. 2526: Protecting Our Students by Terminating Graduate Rates that Add to Debt (POST GRAD) Act To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to reinstate the authority of the Secretary of Education to make Federal Direct Stafford Loans to graduate and professional students (ALL). S. 2201: Access, Success, and Persistence in Reshaping Education (ASPIRE) Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to improve college access and college completion for all students (ALL). H.R. 4508: Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act To support students in completing an affordable postsecondary education that will prepare them to enter the workforce with the skills they need for lifelong success (ALL). H.R. 6543: Aim Higher Act To amend and strengthen the Higher Education Act of 1965 so that every student has a path to a quality, debt-free degree or credential that leads to a rewarding career (ALL). H.R. 1635 and S. 2081: Empowering Students Through Enhanced Financial Counseling Act To amend the loan counseling requirements under the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purposes (ALL). S. 2530: Safe Equitable Campus Resources and Education Act of 2018 A bill to address the needs of individuals with disabilities within the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (ALL). S. 3611: Faster Access to Federal Student Aid Act of 2018 A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Higher Education Act of 1965 to facilitate the disclosure of tax return information to carry out the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purposes (ALL).

Client expense: $60,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 6543, the Aim Higher Act - provisions related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act including changes to the Title IV federal student aid program H.R. 6147/S. 3073, the FY 19 Interior Appropriations Act - provisions related to funding for the National Endowment for the Humanities H.R. xxxx/S. xxxx, the FY 20 Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act - provisions around funding for federal student aid programs (including Pell Grants, work-study and SEOG); international education and the Institute of Education Sciences (and National Center for Special Education Research); funding for Title VIII nursing workforce development programs H.R. 2434/S. 1121, the College Transparency Act - provisions related to student unit records H.R. 4479/S. 2169, the Student Right to Know Before You Go Act - provisions related to student unit records H.R. 959/S. 1109, the Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act - provisions related to reauthorization of Title VIII programs General issues around EDs Title IX Notice of Proposed Rulemaking General issues around Dept. of Education regulatory efforts related to the upcoming negotiated rulemaking session on accreditation and innovation General issues around needed guidance from the Dept. of Education related to unreimbursed Perkins Loan cancellations General issues around the outlook for the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act General issues around the Institute of Education Sciences, including reauthorization General issues around federal student aid, loan limits and repayment plans for graduate education General issues around college costs, federal student aid, loan repayment, low-income student access, and affordability

Client expense: $15,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), SENATE, Treasury, Dept of

H.R. 2353, Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act H.R. 2434/S. 1121, College Transparency Act Department of Educations Borrower Defense to Repayment regulations (83 Fed. Reg. 47,614-47,615, September 20, 2018) Department of Educations Gainful Employment Negotiated Rulemaking (83 Fed. Reg. 40,167- 40,183, August 14, 2018) Various issues relating to implementation of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (P.L. 113-128); reauthorization of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act (P.L. 109-270); higher education, including the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act (P.L. 89-329); implementation of Every Student Succeeds Act (P.L. 114-95); student data privacy in K-12 and higher education; general education and workforce preparation; child care and early education; Nominations to the Higher Education Negotiated Rulemaking Committee

Client expense: $15,950,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers), Commerce, Dept of (DOC), Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), Defense, Dept of (DOD), Education, Dept of, Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Executive Office of the President (EOP), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Federal Reserve System, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), General Services Administration (GSA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Interior, Dept of (DOI), Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Justice, Dept of (DOJ), Labor, Dept of (DOL), Natl Economic Council (NEC), Natl Labor Relations Board (NLRB), Natl Security Council (NSC), Natl Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Office of the Vice President of the United States, Patent & Trademark Office (PTO), Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), SENATE, Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC), Small Business Administration (SBA), Social Security Administration (SSA), State, Dept of (DOS), Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Transportation, Dept of (DOT), Treasury, Dept of, U.S. Copyright Office, U.S. Customs & Border Protection, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), White House Office

Monitor the following: H.R.2434/S.1121, College Transparency Act, generally H.R.4508, Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform Act, generally S.3294, Fund for Innovation and Success in Higher Education (FINISH) Act, generally

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $30,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Implementation of "The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act" (H.R. 2353), Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, "College Transparency Act" (S. 1121), "College Transparency Act" (H.R. 2434), "Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity (PROSPER) Act" (H.R. 4508), "Aim Higher Act" (H.R. 6543), provided feedback on the "Cybersecurity Education Integration Act" (H.R. 7214), submitted a comment on the U.S. Department of Education's Information Collection Request on the State Survey on Activities Supported on Student Support and Academic Enrichment Grants (Title IV-Part A) under the Every Student Succeeds Act, engaged in discussions on apprenticeship.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Labor, Dept of (DOL), SENATE, White House Office

Workforce preparedness; Support for technology in teaching and education; Enhancing the public-private research partnerships necessary to improve education; Student data privacy; Open educational resources; Accessibility of education technology for students with disabilities; SAFE KIDS Act (draft legislation); Reauthorization and Implementation of PL 114-95, the Every Student Succeeds Act; Reauthorization of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act; Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act; Reauthorization of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA); Accessibility of Instructional Materials in Higher Education Act, HR 1772; College Transparency Act, S 1121, HR 2434.

Client expense: $210,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Commerce, Dept of (DOC), Education, Dept of, Executive Office of the President (EOP), Federal Trade Commission (FTC), General Services Administration (GSA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Justice, Dept of (DOJ), Natl Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST), Natl Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), Patent & Trademark Office (PTO), SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), U.S. Copyright Office, U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)

S. 128 by GRAHAM (R-SC) legislation to protect certain individuals who came to the U.S. as children S. 615 by BENNET (D-CO) Higher Education Innovation Act S. 729 by DURBIN (D-IL) Fairness for Struggling Students Act S. 888 by GRASSLEY (R-IA) Understanding the True Cost of College Act of 2017 S. 889 by GRASSLEY (R-IA) Net Price Calculator Improvement Act S. 1121 by HATCH (R-UT) College Transparency Act S. 1136 by HIRONO (D-HI) Pell Preservation and Expansion Act S. 1295 by CASEY (D-PA) RISE Act of 2017 S. 1615 by GRAHAM (R-SC) Dream Act of 2017 S. 1808 by BALDWIN (R-CA) Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2017 S. 1939 by SHAHEEN (D-NH) Student Protection and Success Act S. 2007 by FLAKE (R-AZ) Upward Mobility Enhancement Act S. 2150 by GRASSLEY (R-IA) Net Price Calculator Improvement Act S. 2169 by WYDEN (D-OR) Student Right to Know Before You Go Act of 2017 S. 2228 by LEE (R-UT) Higher Education Reform and Opportunity Act of 2017 S. 2530 by CASEY (D-PA) the SECURE Act S. 2707 by SCOTT (R-SC) Protecting Workplace Advancement and Opportunity Act S. 2986 by CASEY (D-PA) CREATE Act S. 3106 by CASEY (D-PA) Higher Education Mental Health Act of 2018 S. 3483 by GRASSLEY (R-IA) SUCCESS Act S. 3611 by ALEXANDER (R-TN) Faster Access to Federal Student Aid Act of 2018 S. 3777 - BOOZMAN (R-AR) Forever GI Bill Housing Payment Fulfillment Act H.R. 88 by BRADY (R-TX) The Retirement, Savings, and Other Tax Relief Act and the Taxpayer First Act of 2018 H.R. 483 by HUNTER (R-CA) No Funding for Sanctuary Campuses Act H.R. 496 by COFFMAN (R-CO) legislation to protect certain individuals that came here as children H.R. 795 by DAVIS (R-IL) legislation to extend employer provided education assistance to employer provided loan repayment assistance H.R. 1180 by ROBY (R-AL) Working Families Flexibility Act H.R. 1434 by COURTNEY (D-CT) to amend HEA to provide for refinancing of certain Federal student loans H.R. 1485 by STEFANIK (R-NY) Flexible Pell Grant for 21st Century Students Act H.R. 1614 by POCAN (D-WI) Student Loan Refinancing Act H.R. 1635 by GUTHRIE (R-KY) Empowering Students through Enhanced Financial Counseling Act H.R. 1772 by ROE (R-TN) AIM HIGH ACT - Accessible Instructional Materials in Higher Education H.R. 2015 by DOGGETT (D-TX) Equitable Student Aid Access Act H.R. 2429 by McDERMOTT (D-WA) Student Loan Tax Debt Relief Act H.R. 2434 by MITCHELL (R-MI) College Transparency Act H.R. 2451 by DAVIS (D-CA) Pell Grant Preservation & Expansion Act H.R. 2477 by COURTNEY (D-CT) Bank on Students Emergency Loan Refinancing Act H.R. 2482 by STEFANIK (R-NY) Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2017 H.R. 2521 by EDWARDS (D-MD) Restoring Education and Learning (REAL) Act H.R. 3432 by YOUNG (R-IN) Investing in Student Success Act H.R. 3440 by ROYBAL-ALLARD (D-CA) Dream Act of 2017 H.R. 3581 by DESAULNIER (D-CA) The Pell Grant Flexibility Act of 2017 H.R. 3734 by MESSER (R-IN) Reverse Transfer Efficiency Act of 2017 H.R. 4135 by SMITH (R-MO) Upward Mobility Enhancement Act H.R. 4119 by MESSER (R-IN) Student Loan Disclosure Modernization Act H.R. 4272 by DESANTIS (R-FL) Higher Education Reform and Opportunity Act of 2017 H.R. 4336 by LEWIS (R-MN) College Completion and Success Act H.R. 4372 by FERGUSON (R-GA) Help Students Repay Act H.R. 4479 by HUNTER (R-CA) Student Right to Know Before You Go Act of 2017 H.R. 4491 by PRICE (D-NC) Advancing International and Foreign Language Education Act H.R. 4508 by FOXX (R-NC) (PROSPER Act - HEA Reauthorization) Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform H.R. 4773 by WALBERG (R-MI) Protecting Workplace Advancement and Opportunity Act H.R. 5220 by DELANEY (D-MD) Dont Tax Higher Education Act H.R. 5384 by POCAN (D-WI) Debt-Free College Act H.R. 5528 by HECK (R-NV) Simplifying the Application for Student Aid Act H.R. 5529 by HECK (R-NV) Accessing Higher Education Opportunity Act H.R. 5916 by REED (R-NY) REDUCE Act of 2018 H.R. 5928 by POLIS (D-CO) Students Over Special Interests Act H.R. 6094 by WALBERG (R-MI) Regulatory Relief for Small Businesses, Schools, and Nonprofits Act of 2016 H.R. 6352 by POLIS (D-CO) Know Before You Own Private Education Loan Act of 2018 H.R. 6473 by DELAURO (D-CT) Transparency in Student Loan Consultation Act of 2018 H.R. 6543 by SCOTT (D-VA) Aim Higher Act H.R. 6685 by BROWN (D-MD) Expanding Access to the Workforce through Dual Enrollment Act of 2018 H.R. 6947 by HIMES (D-CT) College Affordability and Innovation Act of 2018 H.R. 7303 by GRIJALVA (D-AZ) Protecting Financial Aid for Students and Taxpayers Act of 2018 H.R. 7386 by WALBERG (R-MI) Faster Access to Federal Student Aid Act of 2018 H. Res. 307 by ROE (R-TN) Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives relating to protecting freedom of speech, thought, and expression at institutions of higher education

Client expense: $89,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury, Dept of, White House Office

H.R.2434, S. 1121, College Transparency Act, Issues pertaining to student privacy and student data. H.R. 4508, Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act, Issues pertaining to federal student aid, grant programs, Title II Teacher Prep, and Title VI International Education. H.R. 4023, Developing Tomorrow's Engineering and Technical Workforce Act, All provisions. Issues pertaining to SMART grants and support for undergraduate engineering students.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $30,000

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R.4508, Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act, Higher Education Reauthorization, College completion; Financial aid issues; International education; and Perkins Loan Reauthorization Federal Regulation of Higher Education Student Retention issues College access and affordability Student Aid/Pell Grants Campus Free Speech H.R.2434/S.1121, College Transparency Act International Business Education and Research International Foreign Language Education Access, Success, and Persistence in Reshaping Education Act (ASPIRE) English Language Acquisition S.3294, Fund for Innovation and Success in Higher Education (FINISH) Act Perkins Loan Reimbursements H.R.3740/S.1795, Higher Education Access and Success for Homeless and Foster Youth Act of 2017 S.3611, Faster Access to Federal Student Aid Act of 2018 Verification issues

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $30,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 2451/S. 1136, Pell Grant Preservation & Expansion Act, entire bill. H.R. 2482/S. 1808, Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act, entire bill. H.R. 2434/S. 1121, College Transparency Act, entire bill. H.R. 1949/S. 856, Campus Accountability and Safety Act, entire bill. H.R. 4508, Promoting Real opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act, entire bill S. 2431/H.R. 5157, Accountability of Leaders in Education to Report Title IX Investigations (ALERT) Act, entire bill. S. 2255/H.R. 4491, Advancing International & Foreign Language Education Act, entire bill.

Client expense: $184,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 2434/S. 1121. the College Transparency Act -Entire bill H.R. 2482/S. 1808, Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2017 -Entire bill H.R. 4508, PROSPER Act -Entire bill

Client expense: $16,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

S. 615 Higher Education Innovation Act S. 268 Investing in Student Success Act S. 1121 College Transparency Act H.R. 3218, S. 1598 Harry W. Colmery Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2017 (signed into law) S. 1808, H.R. 2482 Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2017 H.R. 3316, S. 1968 Code Like a Girl Act H.R. 4508 Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act S.3611 - Faster Access to Federal Student Aid Act of 2018

Client expense: $21,443 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

S. 1121, College Transparency Act (Student Unit Record Database; All); S. 2169, Student Right to Know Before You Go Act of 2017 (Student Unit Record Database; All); Letter in opposition to weakening protections for transgender Americans;

Client expense: $80,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), White House Office

Engaged on FY 2019 appropriations for higher education including federal financial aid programs. Aim Higher (HR 6543). S. 3584 related to income based repayment programs. Title IX issues. S. 1121 College Transparency Act; S 2169 Student Right to Know Before You Go Act. Student Veteran / GI Blll issues.

Client expense: $40,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 1949/S. 859 - Campus Accountability and Safety Act; all provisions H.R. 4479/S. 2169 - Student Right to Know Before You Go Act of 2017; all provisions H.R. 2434/S. 1121 - College Transparency Act; all provisions H.R. 4001 - Student Loan Refinancing & Recalculation Act; all provisions S. 1604 - The Daniel Webster Congressional Clerkship Act; all provisions H.R. 2482/S. 1808 - Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2017; all provisions H.R. 4508/Senate Draft - Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act; all provisions S. 2255 - Advancing International and Foreign Language Education Act; all provisions

Client expense: $70,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 4508, the PROSPER Act and Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act: issues include regulations, accreditation, Title IV student aid, data and consumer information, Title III and V programs, Direct Loan program, Pell Grants, postsecondary cohort default rates, and risk sharing. S. 2231, Student Protection and Success Act, and risk sharing proposals S. 2028, Protect Student Borrowers Act of 2017 S. 260, Jumpstart Our Businesses by Supporting Students (JOBS) Act S. 1136, H.R. 2451, Pell Grant Preservation and Expansion Act S. 1121, H.R. 2434, College Transparency Act of 2017 H.R. 2353, Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act; and Senate bill - Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (no bill number) H.R. 6543, Aim Higher Act Gainful employment and Borrower Defense regulations

Client expense: $15,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, White House Office

Issues related to the Prosper Act, HR 4508 Support for the College Transparency Act (CTA), S.1121 Issues related to workforce apprenticeships Issues related to Hurricane Florence, re: funding and academic terms

Client expense: $115,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Air Force, Dept of, Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Labor, Dept of (DOL), SENATE, Transportation, Dept of (DOT)

Higher Education Pell Grants Campus Sexual Assault Hispanic Serving Institutions Veterinarian Education H.R. 4508 - PROSPER Act College Transparency Act - S. 1121

Client expense: $130,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Interior, Dept of (DOI), Natl Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Office of Science & Technology Policy (OSTP), SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), Transportation, Dept of (DOT)

H.R. 4508, the PROSPER Act - provisions related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act including changes to the Title IV federal student aid program (ONE Loan, Federal Work-Study, SEOG, repayment plans, Public Service Loan Forgiveness, loan repayment rates by program, aid distribution, and FAFSA simplification); regulatory reform; campus safety (changes to Title IX and the Clery Act); accreditation; free speech; teacher preparation; and specific impacts on graduate students including loss of some federal student aid H.R. 6543, the Aim Higher Act - provisions related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act including changes to the Title IV federal student aid program H.R. 6470/S. 3158, the FY 19 Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Act - provisions around funding for federal student aid programs (including Pell Grants, work-study and SEOG); international education and the Institute of Education Sciences (and National Center for Special Education Research); funding for Title VIII nursing workforce development programs H.R. 6147/S. 3073, the FY 19 Interior Appropriations Act - provisions related to funding for the National Endowment for the Humanities H.R. 2434/S. 1121, the College Transparency Act - provisions related to student unit records H.R. 4479/S. 2169, the Student Right to Know Before You Go Act - provisions related to student unit records H.R. 959/S. 1109, the Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act - provisions related to reauthorization of Title VIII programs General issues around Dept. of Education regulatory efforts related to borrower defense, financial responsibility standards, gainful employment, changes to College Scorecard, and the upcoming negotiated rulemaking session on innovation General issues around expected Title IX regulations General issues around the outlook for the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act General issues around the Institute of Education Sciences, including reauthorization General issues around Public Service Loan Forgiveness General issues around federal student aid, loan limits and repayment plans for graduate education General issues around college costs, federal student aid, loan repayment, low-income student access, and affordability

Client expense: $20,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), SENATE, Treasury, Dept of

H.R. 4479/S. 2169 - Student Right to Know Before You Go Act of 2017: all provisions H.R. 2434/S. 1121 - College Transparency Act; all provisions H.R. 4001 - Student Loan Refinancing & Recalculation Act; all provisions S. 1604 - The Daniel Webster Congressional Clerkship Act; all provisions H.R. 2482/S. 1808 - Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2017; all provisions H.R. 4508/Senate Draft - Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act; all provisions S. 2255 - Advancing International and Foreign Language Education Act; all provisions H.R. 6543 - Aim Higher Act; all provisions Senate Draft - Fair Student Loan Repayment Act; all provisions

Client expense: $50,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Defense, Dept of (DOD), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), SENATE

H.R.4508, Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act, Higher Education issues Monitor the following: H.R.2434/S.1121, College Transparency Act Senate Higher Education Reauthorization, generally

Client expense: $70,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R. 1625, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 H.R. 2353/S. 3217, Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act H.R. 2434/S. 1121, College Transparency Act H.R. 4508, Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act H.R. 6470/S. 3158, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 Department of Educations Gainful Employment Negotiated Rulemaking (83 Fed. Reg. 40167-40183, August 14, 2018) Department of Educations Borrower Defense to Repayment regulations (83 Fed. Reg. 47614-47615, September 20, 2018) Various issues relating to implementation of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (P.L. 113-128); reauthorization of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act (P.L. 109-270); higher education, including the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act (P.L. 89-329); implementation of Every Student Succeeds Act (P.L. 114-95); student data privacy in K-12 and higher education; general education and workforce preparation; child care and early education; Department of Labor Training and Employment Notice No. 3-18, Creating Industry-Recognized Apprenticeship Programs to Expand Opportunity in America

Client expense: $17,560,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), Army, Dept of (Corps of Engineers), Commerce, Dept of (DOC), Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), Defense, Dept of (DOD), Education, Dept of, Energy, Dept of, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Executive Office of the President (EOP), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Federal Reserve System, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), General Services Administration (GSA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), Interior, Dept of (DOI), Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Justice, Dept of (DOJ), Labor, Dept of (DOL), Natl Economic Council (NEC), Natl Labor Relations Board (NLRB), Natl Security Council (NSC), Natl Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Office of the Vice President of the United States, Patent & Trademark Office (PTO), Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), SENATE, Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC), Small Business Administration (SBA), Social Security Administration (SSA), State, Dept of (DOS), Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Transportation, Dept of (DOT), Treasury, Dept of, U.S. Copyright Office, U.S. Customs & Border Protection, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), White House Office

Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (Perkins), Senate Perkins reauthorization bill, S. 3217,"The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act", H.R. 2353, "College Transparency Act", S. 1121 "College Transparency Act", H.R. 2434, Higher Education Act, H.R. 4508 "Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity (PROSPER) Act", "A Resolution Designating September 2018 as 'National Workforce Development Month'' S. Res. 632, H. Res. 1100, "Preparing and Retaining Education Professional Act" S. 3308, provided feedback on the "Cybersecurity Education Integration Act", provided feedback on the "Expanding Access to the Workforce Through Dual Enrollment Act of 2018", H.R. 6685. Sent letter to Undersecretary Kelley, Department of Commerce regarding the President's Management Agenda and with recommendations for federal data stewardship and strategic data use as part of the PostSec Data Collaborative, engaged in discussions on apprenticeship

Client expense: $10,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: Commerce, Dept of (DOC), Education, Dept of, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Labor, Dept of (DOL), SENATE, White House Office

S. 601: Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program Act A bill to ensure that significantly more students graduate college with the international knowledge and experience essential for success in today's global economy through the establishment of the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Program in the Department of Education (ALL). H.R. 899: A bill to terminate the Department of Education (ALL). H.R. 1949 and S. 856: Campus Accountability and Safety Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 and the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act to combat campus sexual assault, and for other purposes (ALL). H.R. 2434 and S. 1121: College Transparency Act A bill to establish a post-secondary student data system (ALL). H.R. 1614: Student Loan Refinancing Act To authorize borrowers of loans under the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program to modify the interest rate of such loans to be equal to the interest rate for such loans at the time of modification (ALL). S. 888: Understanding the True Cost of College Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Opportunity Act to add disclosure requirements to the institution financial aid offer form and to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to make such form mandatory (ALL). S. 889: Net Price Calculator Improvement Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to make technical improvements to the Net Price Calculator system so that prospective students may have a more accurate understanding of the true cost of college (ALL). H.R. 2451 and S. 1135: Pell Grant Restoration Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to clarify the Federal Pell Grant duration limits of borrowers who attend an institution of higher education that closes or commits fraud or other misconduct, and for other purposes (ALL). S. 1043: Pay for Student Success Act A bill to authorize pay-for-success projects designed to incentivize and reward successful efforts to increase postsecondary education retention and completion rates for low-income and first-generation students (ALL). S. 1136: Pell Grant Preservation and Expansion Act A bill to improve the structure of the Federal Pell Grant program, and for other purposes (ALL). H.R. 2526: Protecting Our Students by Terminating Graduate Rates that Add to Debt (POST GRAD) Act To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to reinstate the authority of the Secretary of Education to make Federal Direct Stafford Loans to graduate and professional students (ALL). S. 2201: Access, Success, and Persistence in Reshaping Education (ASPIRE) Act A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to improve college access and college completion for all students (ALL). H.R. 4508: Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act To support students in completing an affordable postsecondary education that will prepare them to enter the workforce with the skills they need for lifelong success (ALL). H.R. 6543: Aim Higher Act To amend and strengthen the Higher Education Act of 1965 so that every student has a path to a quality, debt-free degree or credential that leads to a rewarding career (ALL). H.R. 1635 and S. 2081: Empowering Students Through Enhanced Financial Counseling Act To amend the loan counseling requirements under the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for other purposes (ALL). S. 2530: Safe Equitable Campus Resources and Education Act of 2018 A bill to address the needs of individuals with disabilities within the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (ALL).

Client expense: $60,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

H.R.4508, Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act, Higher Education Reauthorization, College completion; Financial aid issues; International education; and Perkins Loan Reauthorization Federal Regulation of Higher Education Student Retention issues College access and affordability Student Aid/Pell Grants Campus Free Speech H.R.2434/S.1121, College Transparency Act International Business Education and Research International Foreign Language Education Access, Success, and Persistence in Reshaping Education Act (ASPIRE) Teacher Education English Language Acquisition Teacher Quality Partnerships S.3294, Fund for Innovation and Success in Higher Education (FINISH) Act

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $30,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Monitor the following: H.R.2434/S.1121, College Transparency Act, generally H.R.4508, Promoting Real Opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform Act, generally S.3294, Fund for Innovation and Success in Higher Education (FINISH) Act, generally

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $20,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Year Round Pell TRIO Program Upward Bound S. 1121, The College Transparency Act of 2017 H.R. 4508, Prosper Act High Quality Early Special Education Teacher Training National Institutes of Health NIA MSTEM Federal Internship Program and Recruiting initiatives Federal Pay for interns

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $11,000

Government targets: Agriculture, Dept of (USDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE, Transportation, Dept of (DOT)

H.R. 2451/S. 1136, Pell Grant Preservation & Expansion Act, entire bill. H.R. 2482/S. 1808, Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act, entire bill. H.R. 2434/S. 1121, College Transparency Act, entire bill. H.R. 1949/S. 856, Campus Accountability and Safety Act, entire bill. H.R. 4508, Promoting Real opportunity, Success, and Prosperity through Education Reform (PROSPER) Act, entire bill S. 2431/H.R. 5157, Accountability of Leaders in Education to Report Title IX Investigations (ALERT) Act, entire bill. S. 2255/H.R. 4491, Advancing International & Foreign Language Education Act, entire bill.

Client expense: $145,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE