PAVE

Lobbying Spend

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Filings

Firms Hired

Active Period

2013–2020

Lobbying Spend by Year

Client-reported lobbying expenses on LDA filings

Year	Lobbying Spend	Filings	Firms
2020	—	3	1
2019	—	4	1
2018	—	4	1
2017	—	4	1
2016	—	4	1
2015	—	4	1
2014	—	4	1
2013	—	4	1

Lobbying firms retained by this client; amounts are client-reported expenses when available

Firm Name	Reported Spend	Filings
LIZ ROBBINS ASSOCIATES	—	31

Government entities explicitly identified as targets in LDA filings

Government Body	Filings
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES	3
SENATE	3

Most frequently reported lobbying issues

Issue Code	Description	Reports
Education	Education	4

PAVE — Lobbying Disclosure | Poliscope