THE SOURCE FOR LEARNING

Lobbying Spend

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Filings

Firms Hired

Active Period

2015–2026

Lobbying Spend by Year

Client-reported lobbying expenses on LDA filings

Year	Lobbying Spend	Filings	Firms
2026	—	3	1
2025	—	4	1
2024	—	4	1
2023	—	4	1
2022	—	5	1
2021	—	4	1
2020	—	4	1
2019	—	4	1
2018	—	4	1
2017	—	4	1
2016	—	4	1
2015	—	4	1

Lobbying firms retained by this client; amounts are client-reported expenses when available

Firm Name	Reported Spend	Filings
PAUL MARCONE & ASSOCIATES, LLC	—	48

Government entities explicitly identified as targets in LDA filings

Government Body	Filings
SENATE	10
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES	8
Natl Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)	6
Natl Science Foundation (NSF)	2
Patent & Trademark Office (PTO)	2

Most frequently reported lobbying issues

Issue Code	Description	Reports
Education	Education	16

THE SOURCE FOR LEARNING — Lobbying Disclosure | Poliscope