vs 6,662 other HR bills in the 112th — cohort avg 39d
Summary
No CRS summary is available for this bill yet. The source title, actions, sponsors, and text versions below come from Congress.gov.
Lobbying filings that explicitly cite this bill (9)
These links require the bill number to appear in the filing's source-reported specific issue text. Client expenses and lobbying-firm income are separate disclosure fields.
Cited source text, amounts, lobbyists, and targets
HR 3- No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act: entire bill
HR 212- Sanctity of Human Life Act: entire bill
HR 217- Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act: entire bill
HR 358- Protect Life Act: entire bill HR 361 Abortion Non-Discrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 374 Life at Conception Act: entire bill
HR 536 Indian Healthcare Improvement Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 593 Taxpayer Conscience Protection Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1096 Sanctity of Life Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1099 Taxpayers' Freedom of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1179 Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1232 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to eliminate certain tax benefits relating to abortion: entire bill
S 91 Life at Conception Act: entire bill
S 96 Title X Family Planning Act: entire bill
S 121 Pregnant Women Health and Safety Act: entire bill
S 165 Abortion Non-Discrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
S 167 Child Custody Protection Act: entire bill: entire bill
S 314 Unborn Child Pain Awareness Act of 2011
S 1241 Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act: entire bill
HR 2299 Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act: entire bill
S 877 Protect Life Act: entire bill
S 906 No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act: entire bill
S 1005 Parental Notification and Intervention Act of 2011: entire bill
S 1484 Hyde and Related Amendments Codification Act: entire bill
S 1490 Pregnancy Assistance Fund Expansion Act: entire bill
S 1489 Health Care Provider and Hospital Conscience Protection Act: entire bill
S 1488 Hyde Amendment Codification Act: entire bill
S 1467 Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 3130 Heartbeat Informed Consent Act: entire bill
S 1904 Welfare Reform Act of 2011: provisions related to reproductive health and family planning
HR 3541 Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 3805 Ultrasound Informed Consent Act: entire bill
HR 3803 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act: entire bill
HR 3802 National Pro-Life Waiting Period Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 4046 Schoolchildren's Health Protection Act: entire bill
S 2043 Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 3897 Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 3982 Religious Liberty Protection Act of 2012: entire bill
S 2092 Religious Freedom Protection Act of 2012: entire bill
S 2103 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act: entire bill
Blunt Amdt (SA 1520) to S 1813: entire amendment
HR 4971 SAFE Act: entire bill
HR 5646 Homeland Security Respect for Life Act: entire bill
HR 5731 Telemedicine Safety Act: entire bill
S 3290 Prenatal Non-Discrimination Act of 2012: entire bill
Paul Amdt (SA 2479) to S 1940: entire amendment
HR 6097 Religious Freedom Tax Repeal Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 6173 PRO-LIFE Act: entire bill
Government targets: Administration for Children & Families (ACF), Centers For Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Executive Office of the President (EOP), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
Cited source text, amounts, lobbyists, and targets
Contacts in support of No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act, S. 906 / H.R. 3 and abortion funding restrictions for individuals in federal custody. Contacts in support of legislative proposals to block or reduce federal funds for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), the nation's largest abortion provider. Contacts in support of the Protect Life Act (H.R. 358). Contacts in support of the District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (H.R. 3803, S. 2103). (continued) Contacts in support of the Respect for Rights of Conscience Act (H.R. 1179, S. 1467). Contacts in support of Abortion Non-Discrimination Act (H.R. 361, S. 165). Response to inquiries regarding H.R. 6097.
Contacts in support of inclusion of pro-life provisions in FY 2013 appropriations bills (both carryover of past provisions and inclusion of conscience protection provisions and limitations on subsidies for certain abortion providers), including H.R. 5326, S. 2323, H.R. 6020, S. 3301, S. 3295, H.R. 5857, S. 3241, and House Appropriations draft Labor-HHS appropriations bill (unnumbered).
Contacts in support of Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act (S. 1241, H.R. 2299).
Contacts in support of Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act (H.R. 3541, S. 3290) including letter to House members dated May 31, 2012.
Contacts in support of Heartbeat Informed Consent Act (H.R. 3130) and Ultrasound Informed Consent Act (H.R. 3805).
Contacts in support of the Homeland Security Respect for Life Act (H.R. 5646), to prevent federal funding of abortion under programs within the Department of Homeland Security, with certain exceptions. Contacts in support of similar Aderholt amendment to Homeland Security appropriations bill (H.R. 5855) for FY 2013; approved by House Appropriations Committee and included in H.R. 5855 as passed by the House.
Contacts regarding legal effects of "Sanctity of Human Life Act" (H.R. 212). Contacts regarding legal effects of Paul Amendment (text of Life at Conception Act, S. 91) to S. 1940 (flood insurance revisions).
Contacts in support of the SAFE Act (H.R. 4971)(Akin) to prevent coverage of abortion, with certain exceptions, in "multi-state" (national) health plans to be administered by the Office of Personnel Management under PL 111-148; contacts in support of similar Nunnelee Amendment to Financial Services appropriations bill (H.R. 6020) adopted by House Appropriations Committee June 20, 2012.
Contacts in support of the Telemedicine Safety Act (H.R. 5731) and other potential legislative initiatives to curb telemed abortions.
Review of S. 3313 (Women Veterans and Other Health Care Improvements Act) for possible pro-life concerns.
Client expense: $199,642 · Firm income: Not reported
Cited source text, amounts, lobbyists, and targets
HR 3 - No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act: entire bill
HR 212 - Sanctity of Human Life Act: entire bill
HR 217 - Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act: entire bill
HR 358 - Protect Life Act: entire bill HR 361 Abortion Non-Discrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 374 Life at Conception Act: entire bill
HR 536 Indian Healthcare Improvement Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 593 Taxpayer Conscience Protection Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1096 Sanctity of Life Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1099 Taxpayers' Freedom of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1179 Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1232 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to eliminate certain tax benefits relating to abortion: entire bill
S 91 Life at Conception Act: entire bill
S 96 Title X Family Planning Act: entire bill
S 121 Pregnant Women Health and Safety Act: entire bill
S 165 Abortion Non-Discrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
S 167 Child Custody Protection Act: entire bill: entire bill
S 314 Unborn Child Pain Awareness Act of 2011
HR 2085 MARCH for Military Women Act: entire bill
S 1214 MARCH for Military Women Act : entire bill
S 1241 Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act: entire bill
HR 2299 Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act: entire bill
S 877 Protect Life Act: entire bill
S 906 No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act: entire bill
S 1005 Parental Notification and Intervention Act of 2011: entire bill
S 1484 Hyde and Related Amendments Codification Act: entire bill
S 1490 Pregnancy Assistance Fund Expansion Act: entire bill
S 1489 Health Care Provider and Hospital Conscience Protection Act: entire bill
S 1488 Hyde Amendment Codification Act: entire bill
S 1467 Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 3130 Heartbeat Informed Consent Act: entire bill
S 1904 Welfare Reform Act of 2011: provisions related to reproductive health and family planning
HR 3541 Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 3805 Ultrasound Informed Consent Act: entire bill
HR 3803 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act: entire bill
HR 3802 National Pro-Life Waiting Period Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 4046 Schoolchildren's Health Protection Act: entire bill
S 2043 Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 3897 Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 3982 Religious Liberty Protection Act of 2012: entire bill
S 2092 Religious Freedom Protection Act of 2012: entire bill
S 2103 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act: entire bill
Blunt Amdt (SA 1520) to S 1813: entire amendment
HR 4971 SAFE Act: entire bill
HR 5646 Homeland Security Respect for Life Act: entire bill
HR 5731 Telemedicine Safety Act: entire bill
S 3290 Prenatal Non-Discrimination Act of 2012: entire bill
Paul Amdt (SA 2479) to S 1940: entire amendment
HR 6097 Religious Freedom Tax Repeal Act of 2012: entire bill
Client expense: $197,224 · Firm income: Not reported
Government targets: Administration for Children & Families (ACF), Centers For Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Executive Office of the President (EOP), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
Cited source text, amounts, lobbyists, and targets
HR 3 - No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act: entire bill
HR 212 - Sanctity of Human Life Act: entire bill
HR 217 - Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act: entire bill
HR 358 - Protect Life Act: entire bill HR 361 Abortion Non-Discrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 374 Life at Conception Act: entire bill
HR 536 Indian Healthcare Improvement Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 593 Taxpayer Conscience Protection Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1096 Sanctity of Life Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1099 Taxpayers' Freedom of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1179 Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1232 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to eliminate certain tax benefits relating to abortion: entire bill
S 91 Life at Conception Act: entire bill
S 96 Title X Family Planning Act: entire bill
S 121 Pregnant Women Health and Safety Act: entire bill
S 165 Abortion Non-Discrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
S 167 Child Custody Protection Act: entire bill: entire bill
S 314 Unborn Child Pain Awareness Act of 2011
HR 2085 MARCH for Military Women Act: entire bill
S 1214 MARCH for Military Women Act: entire bill
S 1241 Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act: entire bill
HR 2299 Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act: entire bill
S 877 Protect Life Act: entire bill
S 906 No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act: entire bill
S 1005 Parental Notification and Intervention Act of 2011: entire bill
S 1484 Hyde and Related Amendments Codification Act: entire bill
S 1490 Pregnancy Assistance Fund Expansion Act: entire bill
S 1489 Health Care Provider and Hospital Conscience Protection Act: entire bill
S 1488 Hyde Amendment Codification Act: entire bill
S 1467 Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 3130 Heartbeat Informed Consent Act: entire bill
S 1904 Welfare Reform Act of 2011: provisions related to reproductive health and family planning
HR 3541 Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 3805 Ultrasound Informed Consent Act: entire bill
HR 3803 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act: entire bill
HR 3802 National Pro-Life Waiting Period Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 4046 Schoolchildren's Health Protection Act: entire bill
S 2043 Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 3897 Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 3982 Religious Liberty Protection Act of 2012: entire bill
S 2092 Religious Freedom Protection Act of 2012: entire bill
S 2103 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act: entire bill
Blunt Amdt (SA 1520) to S 1813: entire amendment
HR 4971 SAFE Act: entire bill
HR 5646 Homeland Security Respect for Life Act: entire bill
HR 5731 Telemedicine Safety Act: entire bill
S 3290 Prenatal Non-Discrimination Act of 2012: entire bill
Paul Amdt (SA 2479) to S 1940: entire amendment
HR 6097 Religious Freedom Tax Repeal Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 6173 PRO-LIFE Act: entire bill
Client expense: $137,077 · Firm income: Not reported
Government targets: Administration for Children & Families (ACF), Centers For Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Executive Office of the President (EOP), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), Office of Management & Budget (OMB), SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
Cited source text, amounts, lobbyists, and targets
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Contacts in support of H.R. 6079, the Repeal of Obamacare Act, which would repeal Public Law 111-148, because repeal would 1) eliminate the Independent Payment Advisory Boards duty to make recommendations to limit growth in private, nongovernmental spending on health to below the rate of medical inflation, (continued) 2) eliminate the authority of the Department of Health and Human Services to implement those recommendations by imposing quality and efficiency measures on health care providers, limiting the circumstances in which treatments can be given to their patients, 3) eliminate the authority of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services effectively to limit the amount of funds senior citizens may voluntarily add on top of the government contribution in order to obtain Medicare Advantage private-fee-for-service health insurance less likely to deny care and more likely to offer health care providers reimbursement rates high enough to induce them to accept Medicare patients, 4) eliminate the requirement that state health insurance exchanges administrators exclude from their exchanges insurance plans offered by any insurers the administrators believe allow their policyholders inside or outside the exchange to spend what the administrators consider an excessive or unjustified amount on their own health care, thereby restricting the medical treatment, 5) eliminate the provisions related to shared decisionmaking because they are likely to be used, on balance, to dissuade patients from choosing life-saving treatment, and 6) eliminate the authority of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services to use the Star Rating System to incentivize health insurers to stay within the quality measures to get high-star ratings and to get bonus payments which can have the effect of limiting the circumstances in which treatments can be given to their patients.
Contacts in response to inquiries regarding implementation of certain elements of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Public Law 111-148, related to the denial of life-saving medical treatments.
Contacts relating to H.R.6097, the Religious Freedom Tax Repeal Act of 2012, regarding the need for safeguards that would prevent the bill from authorizing discriminatory denial of life-saving treatment, or of medically assisted provision of food and fluids, to vulnerable patients, such as those with disabilities.
U.S. Senate
Contacts in support of repealing The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Public Law 111-148, because repeal would 1) eliminate the Independent Payment Advisory Boards duty to make recommendations to limit growth in private, nongovernmental spending on health to below the rate of medical inflation, 2) eliminate the authority of the Department of Health and Human Services to implement those recommendations by imposing quality and efficiency measures on health care providers, limiting the circumstances in which treatments can be given to their patients, 3) eliminate the authority of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services effectively to limit the amount of funds senior citizens may voluntarily add on top of the government contribution in order to obtain Medicare Advantage private-fee-for-service health insurance less likely to deny care and more likely to offer health care providers reimbursement rates high enough to induce them to accept Medicare patients, 4) eliminate the requirement that state health insurance exchanges administrators exclude from their exchanges insurance plans offered by any insurers the administrators believe allow their policyholders inside or outside the exchange to spend what the administrators consider an excessive or unjustified amount on their own health care, thereby restricting the medical treatment, 5) eliminate the provisions related to shared decisionmaking because they are likely to be used, on balance, to dissuade patients from choosing life-saving treatment, and 6) eliminate the authority of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services to use the Star Rating System to incentivize health insurers to stay within the quality measures to get high-star ratings and to get bonus payments which can have the effect of limiting the circumstances in which treatments can be given to their patients.
Contacts in response to inquiries regarding implementation of certain elements of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Public Law 111-148, related to the denial of life-saving medical treatments.
Contacts relating to S.1467, the Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011, providing assurances that its current language contained safeguards that would prevent the bill from authorizing discriminatory denial of life-saving treatment, or of medically assisted provision of food and fluids, to vulnerable patients, such as those with disabilities.
Client expense: $99,173 · Firm income: Not reported
Cited source text, amounts, lobbyists, and targets
Contacts in support of No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act, S. 906 / H.R. 3 and abortion funding restrictions for individuals in federal custody. Contacts in support of legislative proposals to block or reduce federal funds for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), the nation's largest abortion provider. Contacts in support of the Protect Life Act (H.R. 358). Contacts in support of the District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (H.R. 3803, S. 2103). (continued) Contacts in support of the Respect for Rights of Conscience Act (H.R. 1179, S. 1467). Contacts in support of Abortion Non-Discrimination Act (H.R. 361, S. 165). Response to inquiries regarding H.R. 6097.
Contacts in support of inclusion of pro-life provisions in FY 2013 HHS appropriations bill, both carryover of past provisions and inclusion of conscience protection provisions and limitations on subsidies for certain abortion providers, including H.R. 5326, S. 2323, H.R. 6020, S. 3301, S. 3295, H.R. 5857, S. 3241, and House Appropriations draft Labor-HHS appropriations bill (unnumbered).
Contacts in support of Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act (S. 1241, H.R. 2299).
Contacts in support of Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act (H.R. 3541, S. 3290) including letter to House members dated May 31, 2012.
Contacts in support of Heartbeat Informed Consent Act (H.R. 3130) and Ultrasound Informed Consent Act (H.R. 3805).
Contacts in support of the Homeland Security Respect for Life Act (H.R. 5646), to prevent federal funding of abortion under programs within the Department of Homeland Security, with certain exceptions. Contacts in support of similar Aderholt amendment to Homeland Security appropriations bill (H.R. 5855) for FY 2013; approved by House Appropriations Committee and included in H.R. 5855 as passed by the House.
Contacts regarding legal effects of "Sanctity of Human Life Act" (H.R. 212). Contacts regarding legal effects of Paul Amendment (text of Life at Conception Act, S. 91) to S. 1940 (flood insurance revisions).
Contacts in support of the SAFE Act (H.R. 4971)(Akin) to prevent coverage of abortion, with certain exceptions, in "multi-state" (national) health plans to be administered by the Office of Personnel Management under PL 111-148; contacts in support of similar Nunnelee Amendment to Financial Services appropriations bill (H.R. 6020) adopted by House Appropriations Committee June 20, 2012.
Contacts in support of the Telemedicine Safety Act (H.R. 5731) and other potential legislative initiatives to curb telemed abortions.
Response to inquiry regarding draft legislation pertaining to federal funding of school-based clinics.
Contacts in support of H.R. 6079, the Repeal of Obamacare Act. Contacts in opposition to pre-emptive cloture on S. 3414 (cybersecurity) because cloture would prevent votes on McConnell Amendment (SA 2684), drawn from text of H.R. 6079, and Lee Amendment (SA 2716), drawn from text of S. 2103. Cloture failed, August 2, 2012.
Review of S. 3313 (Women Veterans and Other Health Care Improvements Act) for possible pro-life concerns.
Cited source text, amounts, lobbyists, and targets
HR 3 - No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act: entire bill
HR 212 - Sanctity of Human Life Act: entire bill
HR 217 - Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act: entire bill
HR 358 - Protect Life Act: entire bill HR 361 Abortion Non-Discrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 374 Life at Conception Act: entire bill
HR 536 Indian Healthcare Improvement Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 593 Taxpayer Conscience Protection Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1096 Sanctity of Life Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1099 Taxpayers' Freedom of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1179 Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 1232 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to eliminate certain tax benefits relating to abortion: entire bill
S 91 Life at Conception Act: entire bill
S 96 Title X Family Planning Act: entire bill
S 121 Pregnant Women Health and Safety Act: entire bill
S 165 Abortion Non-Discrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
S 167 Child Custody Protection Act: entire bill: entire bill
S 314 Unborn Child Pain Awareness Act of 2011
HR 2085 MARCH for Military Women Act: entire bill
S 1214 MARCH for Military Women Act : entire bill
S 1241 Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act: entire bill
HR 2299 Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act: entire bill
S 877 Protect Life Act: entire bill
S 906 No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act: entire bill
S 1005 Parental Notification and Intervention Act of 2011: entire bill
S 1484 Hyde and Related Amendments Codification Act: entire bill
S 1490 Pregnancy Assistance Fund Expansion Act: entire bill
S 1489 Health Care Provider and Hospital Conscience Protection Act: entire bill
S 1488 Hyde Amendment Codification Act: entire bill
S 1467 Respect for Rights of Conscience Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 3130 Heartbeat Informed Consent Act: entire bill
S 1904 Welfare Reform Act of 2011: provisions related to reproductive health and family planning
HR 3541 Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of 2011: entire bill
HR 3805 Ultrasound Informed Consent Act: entire bill
HR 3803 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act: entire bill
HR 3802 National Pro-Life Waiting Period Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 4046 Schoolchildren's Health Protection Act: entire bill
S 2043 Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 3897 Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 2012: entire bill
HR 3982 Religious Liberty Protection Act of 2012: entire bill
S 2092 Religious Freedom Protection Act of 2012: entire bill
S 2103 District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act: entire bill
Blunt Amdt (SA 1520) to S 1813: entire amendment
HR 4971 SAFE Act: entire bill
HR 5646 Homeland Security Respect for Life Act: entire bill
HR 5731 Telemedicine Safety Act: entire bill
S 3290 Prenatal Non-Discrimination Act of 2012: entire bill
Paul Amdt (SA 2479) to S 1940: entire amendment
HR 6097 Religious Freedom Tax Repeal Act of 2012: entire bill
Government targets: Administration for Children & Families (ACF), Centers For Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Centers For Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Executive Office of the President (EOP), Food & Drug Administration (FDA), HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), SENATE, State, Dept of (DOS), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)