LIFT the BAR Act of 2022

CHN supports H.R.6 the American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 that would provide permanent protection and a path to citizenship for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA), Temporary Protective Status (TPS) and Deferred Enforcement Deportation (DED) recipients and other immigration provisions. CHN supports H.R.4/S.561 the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act which would prevent racial discrimination in elections. CHN supports H.R.1603, the Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021 that would provide an earned path to legal immigration status and citizenship to farmworkers and their families. CHN supports H.R.1333, the NO BAN Act that would limit executive authority to issue future bans like the Muslim Ban. CHN supports immigrants in mixed family status receiving the $2000 stimulus checks in the American Rescue Plan. CHN supports ending private prisons for Immigration. CHN supports S.348/H.R.1777 U. S. Citizenship Act which would allow most undocumented to become citizens. CHN supports S.747/H.R.1909 the Citizenship for Essential Workers Act which would create a pathway to citizenship for millions of immigrant essential workers. CHN supports H.R.529 the Protecting Sensitive Locations Act which prohibits immigration enforcement actions within 1,000 feet of a sensitive location unless there are exigent circumstances and written prior approval has been obtained from certain officials. CHN supports the admission of 62,500 refugees to the U.S. CHN supports expansion of Temporary Status Protection for 18 countries among them El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Nepal, Nicaragua, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. CHN supports the American Dream and Promise Act of 2021, H.R.6 which would provide a part to citizenship for some undocumented immigrants, e.g. Dreamers, farmworkers, recipients of TPS, CHN supports ending the Title 42 program in the U.S. health code which gives the government authority to quickly return migrants to Mexico to prevent the spread of disease. CHN supports The U.S. Citizenship Act (H.R. 1177/S.348) that reunites families, gives businesses access to a workforce with full labor rights, and creates a path to citizenship for those already living and working in the United States. CHN supports The Dram and Promise Act and Farmworker Modernization Act (H.R. 1603) to create a path to citizenship for Dreamers, TPS recipients and farmworkers. CHN supports Lift the BAR Act (Lifting Immigrant Families Through Benefits Access Restoration). CHN supports S.3108 Fair Day in Court for Kids Act of 2021 that would appoint or provide counsel at government expense to aliens in removal proceedings. CHN supports S. 4311, H.R. 5227, the LIFT the BAR Act of 2021 which would end the 5-year bar denying benefits to immigrants.

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Legislation and policies related to: Immigration, visa status, and deportation of children and families with children, including the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program H.R. 5376, Inflation Reduction Act - provisions related to improving access to citizenship for immigrants H.R. 5227, Lifting Immigrant Families Through Benefits Access Restoration (LIFT the BAR) Act of 2021 S. 1660/H.R. 3149, Health Equity and Access under the Law (HEAL) for Immigrant Families Act of 2021 S. 4311, Lifting Immigrant Families Through Benefits Access Restoration (LIFT the BAR) Act of 2022

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $24,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), SENATE

S. 2175/H.R. 2119, Family Violence Prevention and Services Act, In support of ending domestic violence and in support of programs that provide resources to families experiencing domestic violence; S. Res. 421/H.Res. 746, A resolution supporting the goals and ideals of National Domestic Violence Awareness Month, In support of a resolution supporting programs to end domestic violence; S. 1975/H.R. 3755/S. 4132/H.R. 8296, Women's Health Protection Act of 2021, In support of equal access to safe, legal abortion care; S. 1021/H.R. 2234, EACH Act of 2021, In support of access to abortion services; S. 4354/H.R. 7945, MARCH for Servicemembers Act, In support of reproductive health care and abortion services for military and armed services members; S. 4311/H.R. 5227, LIFT the BAR Act of 2021, In support of removing barriers to Medicaid, CHIP and other public benefit programs for immigrant families; H.R. 8297, Ensuring Access to Abortion Act of 2022, In support of reproductive health care and abortion services for all; S. 4840/H.R. 8814, Protecting Pain-Capable Unborn Children from Late-Term Abortions Act, In opposition to any restrictions prohibiting an individual's access to reproductive health care including abortion services.

Client expense: $87,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

Afghanistan Senate S. 4787, Afghan Adjustment Act Special Immigrant Visa Program Humanitarian parole for evacuated and at-risk Afghans Resettlement support Appropriations H.R. 8257/S. 4678, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2023 H.R. X/S. X, Department of Health and Human Services Appropriations Act, 2023 Asylum Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) / Remain in Mexico (disenrollment) Title 42 CDC Order Interim final rule, Procedures for Credible Fear Screening and Consideration of Asylum, Withholding of Removal and Cat Protection Claims by Asylum Officers Asylum seeker turnback policy (Al Otro Lado v. Mayorkas) Federal investigation into Florida transportation of asylum-seeking migrant families to Connecticut Benefits Repealing five year bar for benefit access S. 4311, LIFT the BAR Act of 2022 Border Limiting border surveillance technology Rescinding border wall funding MPP exemptions Title 42 exemptions Mistreatment of Black asylum seekers at border Mistreatment of religious migrants at border Prevent funding to digital border wall H.R. X/ S. X, Investigative Integrity Act Budget Reconciliation H.R. 5376, Inflation Reduction Act 2022 DHS FY23 Budget Request Children Central American Minors Program Unaccompanied and separated children Significant Incident Reports traumatizing children in CBP custody Urging IRS to extend the Child Tax Credit (CTC) deadline for ITIN filers Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Permanent DACA solution DED for DACA recipients Health care access for DACA recipients Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals DHS Final Rule Detention Closure of detention centers Ending mandatory detention Medical mistreatment of women in ICE detention Mental health treatment & care in ICE detention Stop Immigration Bond Abuse Act Ending solitary confinement Treatment of LGBTQI+ individuals in detention Resolve investigations at Irwin County Detention Center Police reports in detention and deportation Family Separation Supporting separated families & case management Reunify families separated by zero tolerance policy Employment Authorization Temporary Final Rule: Temporary Increase of the Automatic Extension Period of Employment Authorization and Documentation for Certain Renewal Applicants USCIS proposal to extend the Form I-765 without change Haiti Deportations of Haitian migrants Treatment of Haitian migrants in Del Rio and the subsequent CBP OPR report Ending US support of Haitian government Interior Enforcement 287(g) program, Secure Communities Program, and local police cooperation with ICE ICE OPLA Memo, Guidance to OPLA Attorneys Regarding the Enforcement of Civil Immigration Laws and the Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion Cut funding for detention, deportation, and surveillance Cut ICE and CBP funding Operation Lonestar/Abbott policies Accountability for Del Rio / DHS U.S. Customs and Border Protection Office of Professional Responsibility 202112280 Closing Report Prevention of surveillance technology Post-Dobbs Abortion care-related arrest or conviction ICE Directive 11064.3 - Interests of Noncitizen Parents and Legal Guardians of Minor Children or Incapacitated Adults Accountability to Customs and Border Protections Interpretation Inaccuracies During Removal Proceedings Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act DHS reprogram funds to ICE CBP protect migrants personal property and stop trashing turbans CBP collection of mass surveillance data Mayorkas enforcement priorities Repealing IIRIRA Boston Asylum Office Oversight DHS Equity Action Plan Immigration Courts Universal representation or expansion of representation programs DOJs Office of Immigration Litigation - Petition for Review Remand Criteria Discrimination in immigration court End to the dedicated docket Motions to reopen cases Labor DOL guidance for immigrant whistleblowers H.R. 6715/S. 3157, Bridging the Gap for New Americans Act H.R. 1603, Farm Workforce Modernization Act H.R. 8151/S. 3479, Building a Sustainable Workforce for Healthy Communities Act Addressing farm labor shortages Immigrant role in health care workforce H.R. 4826, National Domestic Workers Bill of Rights Legalization Pathway to citizenship for Dreamers and essential workers H.R. 8433/S.4974, Renewing Immigration Provisions of the Immigration Act of 1929 Migrant Bussing, Flying, Transport Transportation caps for humanitarian assistance Muslim & African Bans Challenging the continuing harms of the Muslim Ban Allowing affected individuals to enter the US Naturalization and Integration Funding USCIS Citizenship and Integration grant program Supporting voting rights of naturalized citizens Increase number of naturalized citizens Public Charge Public Charge Final Rule Refugees Support refugee-related funding Meet and increase refugee admissions goal Increased refugee resettlement program in the Americas (including Haiti) Rebuild USRAP Refugee integration Access to affordable housing Regional Migration Management Migration management strategy Summit of the Americas Southeast Asia H.R. 8922, Southeast Asian Deportation Relief Act Statelessness Protection for stateless people Temporary Protected Status (TPS) Redesignation of TPS for El Salvador Redesignation of TPS for Nicaragua Redesignation of TPS for Honduras Initial designation of TPS for Guatemala Initial designation of TPS for Cameroon Initial designation of TPS for Ethiopia (and SSR) Initial designation of TPS for Mauritania Initial designation of TPS for Syria Redesignation and Extension of TPS for Venezuela Designation of Central American countries Investigate racially disparate decisions for TPS Initial designation of TPS for Mali Extension and redesignation of TPS for Burma Matter of Z-R-Z-C TPS Holders Settlement (Ramos v. Nielsen) Title 42 S. 4036/H.R. 7458, Public Health and Border Security Act of 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons from Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists Preventing Title 42 expansion Title 42 harm to children DHS/HHS spending bill amendment to indefinitely prolong Title 42 Trafficking Prevention USCIS Funding for USCIS pending caseload, backlogs, and processing times Passport Revocations & Denaturalization TRIG, CARRP, & Delays/Denials in USCIS Adjudications Visas Diversity Visas for those denied due to Muslim, African, or other immigration bans Recapture unused family & employment based visas CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 CHIPS Act of 2022 Portman amendment Clear family immigration backlogs H.R. 7946, Veteran Service Recognition Act of 2022 H.R. 2920, American Families United Act S. 1351, Safeguarding American Innovation Act H.R. 7900, the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2023 Voter Registration Support USCIS responsibility in voter registration Other H.R. 8404 /S. 4556, Respect for Marriage Act H.R. 2988, Whistleblower Protection Improvement Act Abortion EO 14076 and the inclusion of justice-involved people. Section 1557 of Affordable Care Act

Legislation and policies related to: Immigration, visa status, and deportation of children and families with children, including the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program H.R. 5376, Build Back Better Act - provisions related to improving access to citizenship for immigrants H.R. 5227, Lifting Immigrant Families Through Benefits Access Restoration (LIFT the BAR) Act of 2021 S. 1660/H.R. 3149, Health Equity and Access under the Law (HEAL) for Immigrant Families Act of 2021 S. 4311, Lifting Immigrant Families Through Benefits Access Restoration (LIFT the BAR) Act of 2022

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: $24,000

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Health & Human Services, Dept of (HHS), Homeland Security, Dept of (DHS), SENATE

S. 2175/H.R. 2119, Family Violence Prevention and Services Act, In support of ending domestic violence and in support of programs that provide resources to families experiencing domestic violence; S. Res. 421/H. Res. 746, A resolution supporting the goals and ideals of National Domestic Violence Awareness Month, In support of a resolution supporting programs to end domestic violence; S. 1975/H.R. 3755/S. 4132, Women's Health Protection Act of 2021, In support of equal access to safe, legal abortion care; S. 1021/H.R. 2234, EACH Act of 2021, In support of access to abortion services; S. 4354/H.R. 7945, MARCH for Servicemembers Act, In support of reproductive health care and abortion services for military and armed services members; S. 4311/H.R. 5227, LIFT the BAR Act of 2021, In support of removing barriers to Medicaid, CHIP and other public benefit programs for immigrant families.

Client expense: $115,000 · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

S.4465, Offices of Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction and Health Security Act of 2022 S.884/H.R.1901, Stopping Border Surges Act S.4311,LIFT the BAR Act of 2022 H.R.5227, LIFT the BAR Act of 2021 S.4306, Improving Access to Behavioral Health Integration Act S.1949, Border Response Resilience Act H.R.7458, Public Health and Border Security Act of 2022 H.R.7212, Safe Sponsor Act of 2022 H.R.7867, Protect Vulnerable Immigrant Youth Act H.R. 4426, Homeland Security for Children Act Preserving Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act protections Issues related to the Children's Safe Welcome Act Issues related to maintaining Flores Settlement agreement Issues related to the Title 42 policies Issues related to co-location of HHS experts in CBP facilities Issues related to the continued closure of ports of entry to unaccompanied children and other protection seekers Issues related to legal counsel for unaccompanied children and families Issues related to CPB port closures Issues related to USCIS backlogs Issues related to the WISE Act Issues related to protections special immigrant juveniles (SIJ) Issues related to family separation and permanent protection for separated families Issues related to the federal licensing of ORR facilities Issues related to protections for immigrant survivors, including Special Immigrant Juveniles Issues related to the Family Reunification Taskforce Issues related to processing of asylum seekers at the border Issues related to care and services for children in ORR and CPB custody Issues related to USCIS and EOIR adjudications of children's cases and family separation Issues related to SIJS-based green card rejections and issuance Issues related to the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) Issues related to Transport, Escort, Detention, and Search (TEDS) standards Issues related to border processing of unaccompanied children Issues related to children's specialized dockets in immigration courts Issues related to the expansion of long-term foster care Issues related to the education of immigrant students Issues related to the co-location of HHS professionals in U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to prevent unnecessary family separations and help expedite safe reunifications Issues related to initial jurisdiction over asylum applications 87 Fed. Reg. 26614, Temporary Increase of the Automatic Extension Period of Employment Authorization and Documentation for Certain Renewal Applicants 87 Fed. Reg. 19,696, Extension, Without Change, of a Currently Approved Collection: Application for Employment Authorization 87 Fed. Reg. 27,159, Release of Unaccompanied Children From ORR Custody (issued related to proposed changes to Verification of Release form) Issues related to return and repatriation to country of origin Urging a presidential proclamation designating the second week of June as Childrens Week Issues related to ORR legal assistance for Afghan children Issues related to extension of 2021 tax filing deadline for taxpayers unable to apply for ITINs

Urged congress and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to address the potential loss of coverage for millions of Medicaid beneficiaries at the end of the federal public health emergency (PHE) and specifically asked for at least a 120-day lead time before unwinding the FMAP and Maintenance of effort provisions of the FFCRA. Urged the House Energy and Commerce Committee to move forward with existing legislation approved by the Subcommittee on Health that would address several social determinants of health and health equity issues. This legislation would allow for better coordination among federal agencies to address health equity, support state and local governments in efforts to address the social determinants of health and promote efforts and innovative approaches to improve health outcomes in programs such as Medicaid. (S. 2938) - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act - Expressed support for the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act. The passage of Medicaid improvements in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act will begin to build the foundation for addressing the nationwide mental health and substance use crisis, particularly for children. (S. 4311) - LIFT the Bar Act - Expressed support for legislation introduced to eliminate the five year-bar, a 1996 policy that denies eligibility for federal assistance programs including Medicaid to millions of immigrants who are lawfully present in the United States. (S. 4260) - Palliative Care and Hospice Education and Training Act (PCHETA) - Expressed support for the Palliative Care and Hospice Education and Training Act (PCHETA). This legislation would ensure that patients facing serious illness have access to high quality palliative care. Urged congress to include critical health care funding measures in the FY22 Omnibus bill including measures to provide relief for providers and the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Urged congress to prioritize policy proposals to strengthen Medicaid and ensure its stability for underrepresented populations who rely on this critical program. Urged the Administration to address longstanding and systemic issues that have resulted from underinvesting in nursing home care, including racial and ethnic disparities, and offer our thoughts on the following three issues: Sustainable financing, Workforce concerns, and Enhancing nursing home oversight through innovative partnerships. Urged the Senate to renew its efforts to pass a reconciliation bill that invests in our nations future and well-being by ensuring important health coverage policies that expand access and affordability and address health equity, address climate change and promote initiatives to protect our environment, and include policies that protect Medicaid beneficiaries, providers, and communities after the end of the public health emergency.

Afghan Adjustment Act Special Immigrant Visa Program Humanitarian parole for evacuated and at-risk Afghans Designated Parole Program for Afghans Facilitate family reunification efforts and pass barriers Appropriations H.R./S. X, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2023 H.R/S. X, Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2023 Asylum Expedited removal Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) Title 42 CDC Order Interim final rule, Procedures for Credible Fear Screening and Consideration of Asylum, Withholding of Removal and Cat Protection Claims by Asylum Officers Final rule, Security Bars and Processing S.J. Res. 46 - Joint Resolution Providing for Congressional Disapproval of a Rule Relating to Procedures for Processing of Asylum Claims Interdiction of Haitians on sea New shout and sweat procedure for arriving families Benefits Repeal five year bar for benefit access S. 4311 - LIFT the BAR Act of 2022 Border Limiting border surveillance technology Rescinding border wall funding MPP exemptions Title 42 exemptions Humanitarian parole Mistreatment of Black asylum seekers at border Ukrainian refugees at border Children Central American Minors Program Special Student Relief for Cameroon Halt opening new child detention facilities Proposed IPEDS Guidance directing institutions on how to report undocumented students COVID-19 S. 4008 - Small Business COVID Relief Act of 2022 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Expansion of Pell grants & TRIO program eligibility to DACA holders & undocumented students Detention Closure of detention centers Ending mandatory detention Medical mistreatment of women in ICE detention Investigation of private prison contracts Mental health treatment & care in ICE detention Disproportionate bond for Black immigrants Department of Homeland Security DHS Equity Action Plan Family Separation Executive Order on the Establishment of Interagency Task Force on the Reunification of Families Employment Authorization Temporary Final Rule: Temporary Increase of the Automatic Extension Period of Employment Authorization and Documentation for Certain Renewal Applicants USCIS proposal to extend the Form I-765 without change Worker protections IMG Assistance Act and Immigrants in Allied Health Act Haiti Deportations of Haitian migrants Interior Enforcement 287(g) program and Secure Communities Program ICE OPLA Memo, Guidance to OPLA Attorneys Regarding the Enforcement of Civil Immigration Laws and the Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion Cut funding for detention, deportation, and surveillance Stop Southeast Asian deportations No funds to detain or deport SIJC youth Due process protections in ICE custody Support return of unjustly deported Operation Lonestar Release of victim of ICEs 2019 workplace raids Immigration Courts H.R. 6577, The Real Courts, Rule of Law Act of 2022 Universal representation or expansion of representation programs Legalization Pathway to citizenship for Dreamers and essential workers Marijuana H.R. 3617, Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act Muslim Ban Challenging the continuing harms of the Muslim Ban Naturalization and Integration Funding USCIS Citizenship and Integration grant program Nonimmigrant visas Notice: Employment Authorization for Cameroonian F-1 Nonimmigrant Students Experiencing Severe Economic Hardship as a Direct Result of the Crises in Cameroon H-2A visa program H-2B visa program U and T visas Public Charge Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility Refugees Support refugee-related funding Meet and increase refugee admissions goal World Refugee Day resolution Afghan Evacuations, parole and arrivals Increased refugee resettlement program in the Americas (including Haiti) Regional Migration Management Migration management strategy Summit of the Americas Temporary Protected Status (TPS) Extension of TPS for El Salvador Extension of TPS for Nicaragua Extension of TPS for Honduras Extension of TPS for Nepal Redesignation of TPS for Guatemala Initial designation of TPS for Cameroon Initial designation of TPS for Ethiopia Initial designation of TPS for Mauritania Initial designation of TPS for Democratic Republic of Congo Initial designation of TPS for Guinea Initial designation of TPS for Sierra Leone Designation of TPS for Venezuela Designation of Central American countries Investigate racially disparate decisions for TPS Title 42 S. 4036/H.R. 7458, Public Health and Border Security Act of 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons from Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists Ukraine H.R. 7691, Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2022 De-escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War Humanitarian parole for Ukrainian refugees Stateless Ukrainians USCIS Funding for USCIS pending caseload, backlogs, and processing times Women Stateless Mothers Visas H.R. 7053, Honor Our Commitment Act Diversity Visas for those denied due to Muslim, African, or other immigration bans Recapture unused family & employment based visas Ending of counting derivatives from numerical caps Voter Registration Support USCIS responsibility in voter registration

S.4311; Title 42

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

S.4311; Title 42

Client expense: Not reported · Firm income: Not reported

Government targets: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SENATE

CHN supports H.R.6 the American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 that would provide permanent protection and a path to citizenship for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA), Temporary Protective Status (TPS) and Deferred Enforcement Deportation (DED) recipients and other immigration provisions. CHN supports H.R.4/S.561 the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act which would prevent racial discrimination in elections. CHN supports H.R.1603, the Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2021 that would provide an earned path to legal immigration status and citizenship to farmworkers and their families. CHN supports H.R.1333, the NO BAN Act that would limit executive authority to issue future bans like the Muslim Ban. CHN supports immigrants in mixed family status receiving the $2000 stimulus checks in the American Rescue Plan. CHN supports ending private prisons for Immigration. CHN supports S.348/H.R.1777 U. S. Citizenship Act which would allow most undocumented to become citizens. CHN supports S.747/H.R.1909 the Citizenship for Essential Workers Act which would create a pathway to citizenship for millions of immigrant essential workers. CHN supports H.R.529 the Protecting Sensitive Locations Act which prohibits immigration enforcement actions within 1,000 feet of a sensitive location unless there are exigent circumstances and written prior approval has been obtained from certain officials. CHN supports the admission of 62,500 refugees to the U.S. CHN supports expansion of Temporary Status Protection for 18 countries among them El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Nepal, Nicaragua, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. CHN supports the American Dream and Promise Act of 2021, H.R.6 which would provide a part to citizenship for some undocumented immigrants, e.g. Dreamers, farmworkers, recipients of TPS, CHN supports ending the Title 42 program in the U.S. health code which gives the government authority to quickly return migrants to Mexico to prevent the spread of disease. CHN supports The U.S. Citizenship Act (H.R. 1177/S.348) that reunites families, gives businesses access to a workforce with full labor rights, and creates a path to citizenship for those already living and working in the United States. CHN supports The Dram and Promise Act and Farmworker Modernization Act (H.R. 1603) to create a path to citizenship for Dreamers, TPS recipients and farmworkers. CHN supports Lift the BAR Act (Lifting Immigrant Families Through Benefits Access Restoration). CHN supports S.3108 Fair Day in Court for Kids Act of 2021 that would appoint or provide counsel at government expense to aliens in removal proceedings. CHN supports S. 4311, H.R. 5227, the LIFT the BAR Act of 2021 which would end the 5-year bar denying benefits to immigrants.